Device and method for monitoring leukocyte migration
A device for monitoring leukocyte migration is provided. The invention also provides a method of using the device to monitor leukocyte migration in the presence of physiological shear flow and therefore simulate physiological conditions of a blood vessel in vivo. The invention further provides a method of using the device to high-throughput screen a plurality of test agents. The present invention further provides a flexible assay system and numerous assays that can be used to test biological interactions and systems. Laminar flow gradients are employed that mimic gradient situations present in vivo.
1. A system for monitoring leukocyte migration comprising:
a device including a housing having a base member and a top member defining a plurality of chambers therein, each of the plurality of chambers including:
a first well region including at least one first well;
a second well region including at least one second well; and
a channel region including at least one channel connecting the first well region and the second well region with one another,
wherein the at least one channel is formed as a through-hole in the top member;
a first fluid stream having a first concentration of a first substance; and
a second fluid stream having a second concentration of a second substance,
wherein the first and second concentrations are different from one another and the first and second fluid streams are in fluid communication with at least one of the plurality of chambers, and
wherein the first fluid stream and the second fluid stream flow adjacent and parallel to each other without mixing, to create a dynamic concentration gradient.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first and second substance are the same.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first and second substance are different.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first fluid stream and the second fluid stream converge into a single third fluid stream that is in fluid communication with the at least one of the plurality of chambers, wherein the third fluid stream comprises a concentration gradient of the first and second substances, the concentration gradient being substantially perpendicular to the direction of flow of the third fluid stream.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first and second fluid streams converge into a single third stream, then diverge into three separate fourth, fifth, and sixth streams, and then re-converge into a single seventh stream, the seventh stream in fluid communication with the at least one of the plurality of chambers under conditions of substantially laminar flow.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second substance is a cytokine.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the cytokine is tumor necrosis TNF-α.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second substance is a test agent.
9. A method of monitoring leukocyte migration comprising:
providing a device including a housing having a base member and a top member defining a plurality of chambers therein, each of the plurality of chambers including:
a first well region including at least one first well;
a second well region including at least one second well; and
a channel region including at least one channel connecting the first well region and the second well region with one another, wherein the at least one channel is formed as a through-hole in the top member;
disposing at least one leukocyte migration mediator, or endothelial cells in the at least one channel;
delivering a sample comprising leukocytes to the at least one channel by laminar flow; and
observing the interaction between the leukocytes and the at least one leukocyte migration mediator or the interaction between the leukocytes and the endothelial cells.
10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising providing a video camera operatively linked to the device for viewing the at least one channel.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the video camera is adapted to capture an image during predetermined intervals over a predetermined period of time.