Epoxy-extended polyacrylate toughening agent
View Patent ↗In accordance with the present invention, there are provided toughening agents which are useful for improving the performance properties of epoxy-based adhesive formulations. For example, epoxidized polybutylacrylates have been found to be useful toughening agents of component level underfill adhesive compositions. Invention materials are generally liquid rubbers which provided improved fracture toughness while maintaining satisfactory capillary flow properties. Invention materials can be synthesized in neat (solventless) reactions from readily available low-cost raw materials and isolated in high yields. They have a branched telechelic structure with terminal epoxide functional groups. The polyacrylate is typically obtained as a mixture of epoxidized polymer, chain extended polyoligomer and unreacted monomer. Invention materials are compatible with common epoxy formulations and may be used without purification. At low levels of incorporation, they provide adhesives that meet the minimum fracture toughness (Gq>2.0 lb/in) and capillary flow specifications (flow time<180 seconds) for many commercial underfill applications. In accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention, there are provided adhesive compositions comprising invention compounds and methods for use thereof. In additional embodiments of the present invention, there are provided methods for the preparation of invention toughening agents, methods for adhesively attaching a device to a substrate, and assemblies comprising first article(s) adhered to second article(s).
1. A method to improve the fracture toughness of a curable epoxy-based adhesive composition, the method comprising adding to the adhesive composition an effective amount of a curable epoxy-extended branched polyacrylate having at least one β-hydroxyester linkage, wherein the branched polyacrylate from which the epoxy-extended branched polyacrylate is derived has a number average molecular weight in the range of about 1000 up to about 10,000, an average functionality of at least about 2.2, and the functionality of the branched polyacrylate from which the epoxy-extended branched polyacrylate is derived is a carboxylic acid.
2. A curable adhesive formulation comprising:
a curable epoxy resin,
a curing agent,
a curable epoxy-extended branched polyacrylate having at least one β-hydroxyester linkage, wherein the branched polyacrylate from which the epoxy-extended branched polyacrylate is derived has a number average molecular weight in the range of about 1000 up to about 10,000, an average functionality of at least about 2.2, and the functionality of the branched polyacrylate from which the epoxy-extended branched polyacrylate is derived is a carboxylic acid; and
optionally, a filler.
3. The adhesive formation of claim 2 wherein the formulation contains substantially no latent curing agent; and the cure onset temperature of the curable epoxy resin is less than about 220° C.
4. The adhesive formulation of claim 2 wherein said curing agent is selected from the group consisting of anhydrides, amines, imidazoles, amides, thiols, carboxylic acids, phenols, dicyandiamide, urea, hydrazine, hydrazide, amino-formaldehyde resins, melamine-formaldehyde resins, amine-boron trihalide complexes, quaternary ammonium salts, quaternary phosphonium salts, tri-aryl sulfonium salts, di-aryl iodonium salts, diazonium salts, and combinations of any two or more thereof.
5. The adhesive formulation of claim 2 wherein said epoxy-extended branched polyacrylate is prepared by reacting a carboxylic acid functionalized branched polyacrylate with a multi-functional epoxy monomer.