Variable view arthroscope with charge coupled device
A variable view arthroscope includes a tubular housing having a longitudinal axis and an input end, an input lens and a CCD in the input end of the housing for capturing and relaying an image object. In some embodiments, a variable view arthroscope with a plurality of viewing positions in a viewing range between a first end viewing position and a second end viewing position includes a tubular housing having a longitudinal axis and an input end, an input lens and a mirror in the housing for obtaining an image object, and a prism, a focusing lens, and a CCD in the housing for capturing and relaying the image object. The input lens and mirror are movable around an axis for varying the view of the arthroscope. In certain embodiments, the tubular housing has a longitudinal axis and an input end and the input lens and CCD are mounted in an input lens holder in the input end of the housing. The input lens and the CCD are movable for varying the view of the arthroscope. The CCD converts the object image into a digital image that can be viewed, for example, on a TV or CRT screen. The CCD can be used to replace a field and relay system, or additional focusing lenses and mirrors, thereby decreasing the cost and complexity of a variable view arthroscope.
1. A variable view arthroscope with a plurality of viewing positions in a viewing range between a first end viewing position and a second end viewing position, comprising:
a tubular housing having a longitudinal axis and an input end;
an input lens in the input end of the housing, the input lens being rotatable around a first axis relative to the housing;
a mirror in the input end of the housing, the mirror being rotatable around the first axis relative to the housing and wherein the input lens has a first angular change between a first viewing position and a second viewing position and the mirror has a second angular change between the first viewing position and the second viewing position, and the second angular change is half the first angular change; and
a CCD in the housing, the CCD having a receptor surface;
wherein an optical path is defined such that object rays received at the input end pass through the input lens, reflect from the mirror and impinge on the receptor surface, and wherein the movement of the input lens and the first mirror varies the view of the arthroscope.
2. The variable view arthroscope of claim 1 , further comprising a prism disposed in the optical path between the mirror and the receptor surface.
3. The variable view arthroscope of claim 2 , wherein the prism is fixed.
4. The variable view arthroscope of claim 1 , further comprising a focusing lens disposed in the optical path between the mirror and the receptor surface.
5. The variable view arthroscope of claim 4 , wherein the focusing lens and the CCD are arranged so that the object rays are focused from the focusing lens onto the receptor surface of the CCD.
6. The variable view arthroscope of claim 5 , wherein the optical axis of the focusing lens is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the housing tube.
7. The variable view arthroscope of claim 4 , further comprising a prism disposed in the optical path between the mirror and the receptor surface.
8. The variable view arthroscope of claim 7 , wherein the prism and the focusing lens are arranged so that object rays reflect from the prism into the focusing lens.
9. The variable view arthroscope of claim 8 , wherein the focusing lens is coaxial with the prism.
10. The variable view arthroscope of claim 1 , wherein the length of a rim object ray from the input lens to the CCD is the same in the plurality of viewing positions.
11. The variable view arthroscope of claim 10 , wherein the length of the two rim object rays from the input lens to the CCD is the same in the plurality of viewing positions.
12. The variable view arthroscope of claim 11 , wherein the length of the two object rim rays are equal to each other in the plurality of viewing positions.
13. The variable view arthroscope of claim 1 , wherein the first mirror is rotatable by approximately 30 degrees between the first end viewing position and the second end viewing position.
14. The variable view arthroscope of claim 1 , wherein the middle viewing position in the viewing range is at an angle about 45 degrees from the longitudinal axis.
15. The variable view arthroscope of claim 1 , wherein the viewing range is greater than 100 degrees.
16. A variable view arthroscope with a plurality of viewing positions in a viewing range between a first end viewing position and a second end viewing position, comprising:
a tubular housing having a longitudinal axis and an input end;
an input lens in the input end of the housing, the input lens having a focal plane, the input lens being rotatable relative to the housing;
a CCD in the input end of the housing, the CCD having a receptor surface disposed in the focal plane of the input lens and being rotatable relative to the housing and wherein the input lens has a first angular change between a first viewing position and a second viewing position and the CCD has a second angular change between the first viewing position and the second viewing position, and the second angular change is half the first angular change; and
wherein an optical path is defined such that object rays received at the input end pass through the input lens and impinge on the receptor surface, and wherein the movement of the input lens and the CCD varies the view of the arthroscope.
17. The variable view arthroscope of claim 16 , wherein the distance and the angle between the input lens and the CCD do not vary when the view of the arthroscope is varied.
18. The variable view arthroscope of claim 16 , wherein the input lens and the CCD are mounted on an input lens frame and the input lens frame pivots around a first axis to vary the view of the arthroscope.
19. The variable view arthroscope of claim 16 , wherein the input lens has a first angular change between a first viewing position and a second viewing position and the CCD has a second angular change between the first viewing position and the second viewing position, and first angular.