Wind tunnel and collector configuration therefor
View Patent ↗An open jet wind tunnel having a test section, a nozzle exit and a collector in which the leading edge of the collector is configured with at least a portion being non-uniformly spaced from the nozzle exit.
1. An open jet wind tunnel for aerodynamic and acoustic testing comprising:
a nozzle having a nozzle opening with a nozzle opening area, a nozzle opening perimeter and a hydraulic diameter defined by multiplying the nozzle opening area by four and then dividing by the nozzle opening perimeter wherein the position of said nozzle opening is substantially fixed;
a collector having a leading edge defining a collector inlet opening wherein portions of said leading edge and corresponding portions of said nozzle opening are non-uniformly spaced from one another; and
said nozzle and said collector spaced from one another to define a test section between said nozzle opening and said collector inlet opening, wherein said test section has a length dimension four times or greater than the hydraulic diameter of said nozzle opening.
2. The wind tunnel of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of said leading edge is non-uniformly spaced from said nozzle opening.
3. The wind tunnel of claim 2 wherein said leading edge includes a top section and a pair of side sections extending from opposite ends of said top section.
4. The wind tunnel of claim 3 including an air flow path extending from said nozzle opening to said collector inlet opening wherein at least one of said side sections slopes at an angle other than 90 degrees relative to said air flow path.
5. The wind tunnel of claim 4 wherein said at least one said side section slopes at an angle of between about 30 and 85 degrees.
6. The wind tunnel for aerodynamic and acoustic testing comprising:
a nozzle having a nozzle opening with a nozzle opening area, a nozzle opening perimeter and a hydraulic diameter defined by multiplying the nozzle opening area by four and then dividing by the nozzle opening perimeter;
a collector having a leading edge defining a collector inlet opening;
an air flow path extending from said nozzle opening to said collector inlet opening wherein at least a portion of said leading edge is non-uniformly spaced from said nozzle opening and said leading edge includes a top section and a pair of side sections extending from opposite ends of said top section wherein at least one of said side sections slopes at an angle other than 90 degrees relative to said air flow path and specifically at an angle of between about 30 and 85 degrees and wherein said at least one said side section slopes from said top section downwardly and away from said test section; and
said nozzle and said collector spaced from one another to define a test section between said nozzle opening and said collector inlet opening; wherein said test section has a length dimension four times or greater than the hydraulic diameter of said nozzle opening.
7. The wind tunnel for aerodynamic and acoustic testing comprising:
a nozzle having a nozzle opening with a nozzle open area, a nozzle opening perimeter and a hydraulic diameter defined by multiplying the nozzle opening area by four and then dividing by the nozzle opening perimeter;
a collector having a leading edge defining a collector inlet opening wherein at least a portion of said leading edge is non-uniformly spaced from said nozzle opening and said leading edge includes a top section and a pair of side sections extending from opposite ends of said top section and wherein said at least one side section slopes from said top section downwardly and away from said test section; and
said nozzle and said collector spaced from one another to define a test section between said nozzle opening and said collector inlet opening, wherein said test section has a length dimension four times or greater than the hydraulic diameter of said nozzle opening.
8. The wind tunnel for aerodynamic and acoustic testing comprising:
a nozzle having nozzle opening with a nozzle opening area, a nozzle opening perimeter and a hydraulic diameter defined by multiplying the nozzle opening area by four and then dividing by the nozzle opening perimeter wherein said nozzle includes an end section with a length dimension greater than one-quarter of the hydraulic diameter of said nozzle opening and with a substantially uniform cross-sectional area approximating said nozzle opening area throughout the length dimension of said end section;
a collector having a leading edge defining a collector inlet opening wherein at least a portion of said leading edge is non-uniformly spaced from said nozzle opening; and
said nozzle and said collector spaced from one another to define a test section between said nozzle opening and said collector inlet opening, wherein said test section has a length dimension four times or greater than the hydraulic diameter of said nozzle opening.
9. The wind tunnel of claim 8 wherein the length dimension of said end section is greater than one-half the hydraulic diameter of said nozzle opening.
10. A method of constructing a wind tunnel and testing the effects of air flow past a test vehicle in said wind tunnel comprising:
providing a wind tunnel nozzle having a nozzle opening with a nozzle opening area, a nozzle opening perimeter and a hydraulic diameter defined by multiplying the nozzle opening area by four and then dividing by the nozzle opening perimeter;
providing a test vehicle with a front end, a rear end and a longitudinal axis extending from said front end to said rear end, said test vehicle having a maximum cross-sectional area in a plane perpendicular to said longitudinal axis, said maximum cross-sectional area being greater than 10% of said nozzle opening area;
providing a wind tunnel collector having a base and leading edge defining a collector inlet opening, a portion of said leading edge being non-uniformly spaced from a plane perpendicular to said base;
positioning said wind tunnel nozzle and said wind tunnel collector in spaced relationship to one another so that said nozzle opening and said collector inlet opening face one another and the distance between said nozzle opening and said collector inlet opening defining a wind tunnel test section which is at least four times the hydraulic diameter of said nozzle opening;
positioning said test vehicle in said test section between said nozzle opening and said collector inlet opening; and
providing an air flow through said nozzle opening, past said test vehicle and into said collector inlet opening.
11. The wind tunnel of claim 10 wherein said maximum cross-sectional area is greater than 20% of said nozzle opening area.
12. The wind tunnel of claim 10 wherein said maximum cross-sectional area is greater than 40% of said nozzle opening area.
13. The wind tunnel of claim 10 wherein said test section is at least five times the hydraulic diameter of said nozzle opening.
14. The method of claim 10 wherein said step of providing a wind tunnel nozzle includes providing a wind tunnel nozzle having a nozzle end section with a length dimension being greater than one-quarter of the hydraulic diameter of said nozzle opening and with a substantially uniform cross-sectional area approximating said nozzle opening area throughout said length dimension.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein said length dimension is greater than one-half the hydraulic diameter of said nozzle opening.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein said length dimension is about three-fourths of the hydraulic diameter of said nozzle opening, or greater.
17. An open jet wind tunnel comprising:
a test section having an upstream end and a downstream end;
a nozzle having a nozzle opening positioned at the upstream end of said test section, said nozzle opening including a nozzle opening area, a nozzle opening perimeter and a hydraulic diameter defined by multiplying the nozzle opening area by four and then dividing by the nozzle perimeter, and said nozzle further including an end section with a length dimension greater than one-quarter of the hydraulic diameter of said nozzle opening and with a substantially uniform cross-sectional area approximating said nozzle opening area throughout the length dimension of said end section; and
a collector spaced from said nozzle and having a leading edge non-uniformly spaced from said nozzle opening.
18. The wind tunnel of claim 17 wherein the length dimension of said end section is greater than one-half the hydraulic diameter of said nozzle opening.
19. The wind tunnel of claim 18 wherein said leading edge includes a top section and a pair of side sections extending from opposite ends of said top section.
20. The wind tunnel of claim 19 including an air flow path extending from said nozzle opening to said collector inlet opening and wherein at least one of said side sections slopes at an about 30 to 85 degrees relative to said air flow path.
21. A method of aerodynamic and acoustic testing of an automotive vehicle comprising:
providing an open jet wind tunnel having a nozzle, a collector and a test section between said nozzle and said collector, said nozzle having a nozzle exit area defined by a nozzle opening whose position is substantially fixed and said collector having a leading edge with a portion being non-uniformly spaced from said nozzle opening;
providing a test automotive vehicle having an exterior configuration and positioning said vehicle in said test section;
providing an air flow of about 5 to 200 miles per hour from said nozzle, through said test section past said vehicle;
collecting air flow and acoustic data resulting from said air flow past said vehicle; and
evaluating said air flow and acoustic data.