Oxidation-protected metallic foil and method
View Patent ↗An electrical lead assembly for devices such as electrical lamps having a metallic foil for providing an electrically conducting path through a hermetic seal formed by pinch sealing a vitreous material. The metallic foil includes an oxidation-inhibiting coating of silica. In another aspect of the invention, methods of coating metallic foils with silica are disclosed. In yet another aspect of the present invention, an electrical lead assembly for lamps is provided wherein the metallic foil is extended to form an outer electrical lead for the lamp.
1. A method of coating a metallic foil with a corrosion-protective film comprising steps of:
(a) adhering a silica colloid to at least a portion of a metallic foil; and
(b) exposing the silica colloid adhering to the foil to a fusion temperature for less than about four seconds to effect fusion of silica particles to thereby form a silica film on the foil.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein silica colloid adhering to the foil is exposed to a fusion temperature of about 1400° C. to about 1700° C.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein silica colloid adhering to the foil is exposed to a fusion temperature of about 1600° C. to about 1700° C.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the fusion temperature is about 1650° C.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein silica colloid adhering to the foil is exposed to the fusion temperature for about one-half second.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the foil comprises molybdenum.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the silica colloid is adhered to at least a portion of the foil by electrostatic spray coating, rolling, brushing, or misting.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of exposing the silica colloid adhering to the foil to a fusion temperature includes exposing the colloid to a heated wire coil, an induction coil, an imaging furnace, an inert gas plasma, or a laser.
9. A method of coating a metallic foil with a corrosion-protective film comprising steps of:
(a) adhering a silica colloid to at least a portion of a metallic foil by immersing at least a portion of the foil in a bath comprising colloidal silica and then withdrawing the foil from the bath at a rate of about 1 mm/sec to about 100 mm/sec; and
(b) exposing the silica colloid adhering to the foil to a fusion temperature to effect fusion of silica particles to thereby form a silica film on the foil.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the foil is withdrawn from the bath at a rate of about 25 mm/sec.
11. The method of claim 9 wherein the bath comprises silica and methanol.
12. The method of claim 9 further comprising the step of applying a voltage to the metallic foil concurrent with at least immersion or withdrawal of at least a portion of the foil in the bath.
13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the bath of colloidal silica further comprises a binder selected from the group consisting of cellulose nitrate, polyvinylalcohol, polyacrylamide, and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the bath of colloidal silica further comprises a surfactant.
15. The method of claim 9 wherein the foil comprises molybdenum.
16. A method of applying a silica coating to a metallic foil comprising the steps of:
introducing silica powder to the plume of an argon plasma torch;
passing the foil through the plume; and
exposing the silica powder on the foil to a predetermined fusion temperature for less than about four seconds, whereby a silica coating is formed on the metallic foil.
17. A method of making an electrical lead assembly comprising steps of:
(a) providing a molybdenum foil;
(b) adhering silica colloid to at least a portion of the foil;
(c) exposing the silica colloid to heat for less than about four seconds to effect fusion of the silica particles to thereby form a silica film; and
(d) attaching an electrical lead to one end of the foil.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein a second electrical lead is attached to the other end of the foil.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein the second lead is attached to the foil by crimping a portion of the foil around a portion of the lead.
20. The method of claim 17 wherein the electrical lead forms an electrode for a high intensity discharge lamp.
21. The method of claim 17 wherein the electrical lead forms a filament for a halogen lamp.
22. A method of coating a metallic strip with silica comprising steps of:
(a) providing a heat source;
(b) elevating the temperature of the heat source so that the temperature in close proximity to the heat source is a predetermined temperature;
(c) adhering colloidal silica to at least a portion of said metallic strip; and
(d) passing the metallic strip in close proximity to the heat source at a rate to effect the exposure of portions of the metallic strip to the predetermined temperature for a predetermined time less than about four seconds, so that the exposure of the strip to the predetermined temperature effects fusion of silica particles to thereby form a silica film.
23. The method of claim 22 wherein the predetermined temperature is between about 1400° C. and about 1700° C. and the predetermined time is about one-half second.
24. The method of claim 23 wherein the predetermined temperature is between about 1600° C. and about 1700° C. and the predetermined time is about one-half second.
25. The method of claim 22 wherein the exposure is conducted in an inert atmosphere.
26. The method of claim 22 wherein the heat source is selected from the group consisting of a conductor, induction coil, an imaging furnace, an inert gas plasma, and a laser.
27. The method of claim 26 wherein the heat source comprises a coiled tantalum wire heated by the passage of electrical current therethrough.
28. A method of coating at least a portion of a molybdenum foil with a silica film comprising steps of:
providing a bath including colloidal silica and a binder selected from the group consisting of cellulose nitrate, polyvinylalcohol, polyacrylamide, and polyvinylpyrrolidone;
immersing at least a portion of the foil in the bath;
withdrawing the immersed portion of the foil from the bath at a rate between about 1 mm/second to about 100 mm/second so that silica colloid adheres to at least a portion of the foil; and
heating the silica colloid adhering to the foil to a temperature between about 1400° C. to about 1700° C. for about one second to effect fusion of silica particles in the colloid.
29. The method of claim 28 wherein the bath includes silica in methanol.
30. The method of claim 28 wherein the bath includes water and ammonia and the binder is polyvinylpyrrolidone.
31. The method of claim 28 wherein a voltage between about one volt and about ten volts is applied to the foil during the immersion and withdraw of the foil from the bath.
32. A method of coating at least a portion of a molybdenum foil with a silica film comprising steps of:
providing a bath including colloidal silica and a binder;
immersing at least a portion of the foil in the bath;
heating the silica colloid adhering to the foil to a temperature between about 1400° C. to about 1700° C. for a predetermined time less than about four seconds to effect fusion of silica particles in the colloid.
33. The method of claim 32 wherein the time of heating the silica colloid is less than about one second.
34. The method of claim 33 wherein the time of heating the silica colloid is about one half second.
35. A method of coating at least a portion of a metallic foil with a silica film comprising steps of:
providing a bath including colloidal silica and a binder;
immersing and withdrawing at least a portion of the metallic foil in the bath;
applying a voltage to the metallic foil concurrent with at least either the immersion or withdrawal of at least a portion of the metallic foil in the bath; and
heating the metallic foil, whereby the silica film forms on the metallic foil.
36. The method of claim 35 wherein the time of heating the metallic foil is less than about four seconds.
37. The method of claim 35 wherein the time of heating the metallic foil is less than about one second.
38. The method of claim 35 wherein the time of heating the metallic foil is about one half second.
39. The method of claim 35 , wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of cellulose nitrate, polyvinylalcohol, polyacrylamide, and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
40. The method of claim 35 , wherein the bath further comprises a surfactant.
41. The method of claim 35 , wherein the metallic foil comprises molybdenum.
42. The method of claim 35 , wherein the metallic foil is withdrawn from the bath at a rate between about 1 mm/sec and 100 mm/sec.
43. The method of claim 35 , wherein the metallic foil is withdrawn from the bath at a rate of about 25 mm/sec.