Self-stripping FCC riser cyclone
View Patent ↗Apparatus and method are provided for separating and stripping suspensions comprising catalyst particles transported in vapors from the fluid catalytic cracking riser/reactor. Particles are disentrained from vapor in a vortex zone 112 of the primary cyclonic separator 100 . The disentrained particles enter a stripping zone 126 , wherein the particles are contacted with a stripping gas 136 to recover vapors entrained and adsorbed onto the catalyst. The stripping gas 136 enters stripping zone 126 via perforations in the wall of the cyclone 100 . The stripping gas 136 limits the residual catalytic conversion of hydrocarbon vapors and formation of delta-coke on the catalyst. Stripped catalyst is delivered from the cyclone stripping zone 126 via a dipleg 130 connected to a bottom of the cyclone 100 , and enters an FCC stripping vessel. Solids-lean stripping gas and vapors from the catalyst particles are blended with the carrier fluid and discharged from the cyclone.
1. A particulate stripping unit with a self-stripping disengagement feature for separating particulates from a carrier fluid, comprising:
a vessel having a cyclone section and a stripping section, the stripping section having a cross sectional area less than a cross-sectional area of the cyclone section;
an inlet to tangentially feed a particulate-fluid suspension to the cyclone section;
a cylindrical surface within the cyclone section to separate a major fraction of the particulates from the suspension and form a vortex of reduced particulate content;
a particulate discharge outlet from the cyclone section to the stripping section;
a plurality of apertures disposed through a lower portion of the stripping section; and
a discharge line from the cyclone section in communication with the vortex.
2. The particulate stripping unit of claim 1 , further comprising a thermal expansion joint disposed on the discharge line from the cyclone section.
3. The particulate stripping unit of claim 1 , further comprising a stabilizer disposed between the vortex and the stripping section, the stabilizer comprising one or more annular passages disposed therethrough.
4. The particulate stripping unit of claim 1 , wherein the inlet is connected to a fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) riser.
5. A method for stripping vapor from a suspension of particulates in a carrier gas, comprising:
separating particulates from the suspension in a separation zone having a first cross-sectional area to form a particulate-rich stream with entrained vapor and a vapor stream lean in suspended matter;
introducing a stripping fluid through a plurality of unobstructed openings formed through a lower exterior wall of a stripping zone disposed below the separation zone, the stripping zone having a second cross-sectional area less than the first cross-sectional area of the separation zone;
passing the particulate-rich stream from the separation zone through the stripping zone, making countercurrent contact with the stripping fluid to remove at least a portion of the entrained vapor, and into a dipleg in communication with the stripping zone; and
recovering stripped particulates from the dipleg.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the stripping zone is in fluid communication with the separation zone via an annular passage defined by an outside diameter of a stabilizer and an interior wall of the-stripping zone.
7. A method for retrofitting an existing cyclone to a self-stripping cyclone, wherein the existing cyclone is housed within a pressurized vessel to receive a vapor-solid suspension and separate the suspension into a solids-rich stream and a solids-lean stream, the existing cyclone has a sealed lower discharge to pass the particulates into the pressurized vessel, and the existing cyclone is connected to a plenum in communication with an exterior of the pressurized vessel to recover the solids-lean stream, the method comprising:
installing a new section beneath the existing cyclone to provide a stripping zone in communication with the existing cyclone, wherein the new section has a cross-sectional area less than a cross-sectional area of the existing cyclone and a plurality of unobstructed openings formed through a lower portion of the stripping zone to introduce a stripping fluid into the stripping zone; and
replacing the unsealed joint with a sealed joint, if the plenum of the existing cyclone comprises an unsealed joint.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the new section comprises a vortex stabilizer wherein the vortex stabilizer and an interior wall of the cyclone define an annular passage therebetween.
9. An apparatus for separating particulates from a carrier fluid, comprising:
an upper section with a first cross-sectional area;
a lower section with a second cross-sectional area, wherein the second cross-sectional area is less than the first cross-sectional area;
a conical member disposed within the lower section and mounted coaxially along a longitudinal centerline of the lower section thereby forming one or more passages therebetween;
a tangential inlet adapted to feed a particulate-fluid suspension to the upper section wherein at least a portion of the upper section has a cylindrical surface to separate a major fraction of the particulates from the suspension and form a vortex of reduced particulate content; and
the lower section comprising a lower surface having a plurality of unobstructed openings formed therethrough.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein a tapered transition section is disposed between the upper section and the lower section.
11. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the conical member comprises an apex disposed toward the upper section and a base defining one or more passages with an inner wall of the lower section.
12. A method for stripping particulates from a particulate-fluid suspension comprising:
introducing a particulate-fluid suspension to a vessel comprising:
an upper section with a first cross-sectional area;
a lower section with a second cross-sectional area, wherein the second cross-sectional area is less than the first cross-sectional area;
a conical member disposed within the lower section and mounted coaxially along a longitudinal centerline of the lower section thereby forming one or more passages therebetween;
a tangential inlet to feed a particulate-fluid suspension to the upper section wherein at least a portion of the upper section has a cylindrical surface to separate a major fraction of the particulates from the suspension and form a vortex of reduced particulate content; and
the lower section comprising a lower surface having a plurality of unobstructed openings formed therethrough;
separating particulates from the particulate-fluid suspension using the cylindrical surface within the upper section thereby forming a vortex of reduced particulate content;
settling the separated particulates into the lower section; and
introducing a fluid, through the plurality of unobstructed openings in the lower surface of the lower section.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein a solids flux rate in the lower section is about 24 kilograms per square meter to about 440 kilograms per square meter of stripping section cross-sectional area per second.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein a superficial velocity of the fluid passing through the lower section is about 0.1 to about 5.0 meters per second.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein a velocity of the stripping fluid through the plurality of openings is about 9 to about 90 meters per second.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the particulate-fluid suspension is a fluidized catalytic cracker riser stream containing hydrocarbon gas and particulates.