Surface-mounted photodetector for an optical waveguide
An optical apparatus comprises an optical waveguide, a bottom surface and walls formed on a first substrate and defining a detection volume with an upper opening, and a photodetector active area formed on a photodetector substrate. The bottom surface may be provided with a reflective coating. The waveguide is positioned relative to the detection volume so that light emerging from an end face of the waveguide is received within the detection volume. The detector substrate is mounted on the first substrate so as to cover the upper opening of the detection volume with the active area exposed to the detection volume. The optical waveguide may be formed on the first substrate along with the detection volume, or the optical waveguide may be formed on a separate waveguide substrate, and the waveguide substrate assembled with the first substrate.
1. An optical apparatus, comprising:
a bottom surface and walls formed on a first substrate and substantially defining a detection volume and an upper opening thereof;
an optical waveguide having an end face, the optical waveguide aligned substantially parallel to the first substrate and positioned so that at least a portion of light emerging from the end face enters the detection volume; and
a photodetector having an active area on a detector substrate, the detector substrate mounted on the first substrate so as to cover at least a portion of the upper opening of the detection volume with at least a portion of the active area exposed to the detection volume,
wherein:
the optical waveguide is formed on a waveguide substrate;
the optical waveguide is mounted on the first substrate; and
light emerging from the end face of the optical waveguide may enter the detection volume through a substantially transparent segment of one of the walls thereof.
2. An optical apparatus, comprising:
a bottom surface and walls formed on a first substrate and substantially defining a detection volume and an upper opening thereof;
an optical waveguide having an end face, the optical waveguide aligned substantially parallel to the first substrate and positioned so that at least a portion of light emerging from the end face enters the detection volume;
a photodetector having an active area on a detector substrate, the detector substrate mounted on the first substrate so as to cover at least a portion of the upper opening of the detection volume with at least a portion of the active area exposed to the detection volume; and
a reflective coating on a least a portion of the bottom surface of the detection volume,
wherein the reflective coating comprises a metallic coating, and the metallic reflective coating serves as an electrical contact for the active area of the detector substrate.
3. A method, comprising:
forming a bottom surface and walls on a first substrate, thereby substantially defining a detection volume and an upper opening thereof;
forming an optical waveguide on a waveguide substrate;
mounting the optical waveguide on the first substrate;
positioning the optical waveguide substantially parallel to the first substrate so that at least a portion of light emerging from an end face of the optical waveguide enters the detection volume;
mounting a detector substrate on the first substrate so as to cover at least a portion of the upper opening of the detection volume with at least a portion of an active area on the detector substrate exposed to the detection volume; and
forming a substantially transparent segment of one of the walls of the detection volume for admitting into the detection volume at least a portion of the light emerging from the end face of the optical waveguide.
4. A method, comprising:
forming a bottom surface and walls on a first substrate, thereby substantially defining a detection volume and an upper opening thereof;
forming a reflective coating on at least a portion of the bottom surface of the detection volume;
positioning an optical waveguide substantially parallel to the first substrate so that at least a portion of light emerging from an end face of the optical waveguide enters the detection volume; and
mounting a detector substrate on the first substrate so as to cover at least a portion of the upper opening of the detection volume with at least a portion of an active area on the detector substrate exposed to the detection volume,
wherein the reflective coating comprises a metallic coating, and the metallic reflective coating serves as an electrical contact for the active area of the detector substrate.
5. An optical apparatus, comprising:
a bottom surface and walls formed on a first substrate and substantially defining a detection volume and an upper opening thereof;
a semiconductor laser having a first laser end face and a second laser end face, the semiconductor laser aligned substantially parallel to the first substrate and positioned so that at least a portion of light emerging from the first laser end face enters the detection volume; and
a photodetector having an active area on a detector substrate, the detector substrate mounted on the first substrate so as to cover at least a portion of the upper opening of the detection volume with at least a portion of the active area exposed to the detection volume.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , further comprising an optical waveguide positioned so that at least a portion of light emerging from the second laser end face enters the optical waveguide.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the optical waveguide comprises a planar optical waveguide formed on the first substrate.
8. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the optical waveguide is mounted on the first substrate.
9. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein at least a portion of the light emerging from the second laser end face enters the optical waveguide through an end face thereof.
10. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein at least a portion of the light emerging from the second laser end face enters the optical waveguide by transverse-coupling thereto.
11. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the semiconductor laser is formed on the first substrate.
12. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the semiconductor laser is formed on a laser substrate and mounted on the first substrate.