High linearity doherty communication amplifier with integrated output matching unit
View Patent ↗A high linearity Doherty power amplifier integrated with output matching circuitry comprised of capacitive elements, inductive elements, and/or shunted transmission lines. In one embodiment, the output matching circuitry is implemented by transmission lines periodically shunted via capacitors, where some or all of the shunted transmission lines have lengths less than a quarter of a wavelength of a power amplifier input signal. In another embodiment, the output matching circuitry is configured with lumped inductive and capacitive elements. In addition, to improve efficiency and linearity characteristics, the power amplifier receives a voltage control signal to bias a supplemental amplifier so that the power amplifier operates in a Doherty mode in a low output power range and in a non-Doherty mode in a high output power range.
1. A system for operating a power amplifier in a mobile handset, comprising:
a carrier amplifier having a carrier input terminal and a carrier output terminal;
a peak amplifier having a peak input terminal, a peak output terminal and a control terminal for receiving a voltage control signal, the peak amplifier configured to vary at least one characteristic of the power amplifier based upon the voltage control signal;
a phase shifter, coupled to the carrier input terminal and the peak input terminal, for generating a peak amplifier input signal delayed in phase from a carrier amplifier input signal; and
an output matching unit coupled to the carrier output terminal, the peak output terminal, and a power amplifier output stage, the output matching unit including:
a first λ/4 transformer, having a first shunted transmission line, for providing a first impedance at the carrier output terminal that is inversely proportional to a second impedance at the peak output terminal, and
a second λ/4 transformer for matching an output impedance of the power amplifier to a reference characteristic impedance.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first λ/4 transformer is a first shunted transmission line unit.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first shunted transmission line has a length less than a quarter of a wavelength of an input signal to the power amplifier.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the second λ/4 transformer is a second shunted transmission line unit.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the second shunted transmission line unit further comprises at least one transmission line, the at least one transmission line having a length less than a quarter of a wavelength of an input signal to the power amplifier.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first λ/4 transformer is a first Inductor-Capacitor (LC) unit.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the first LC unit comprises lumped inductive and capacitive elements.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the second λ/4 transformer is a second LC unit.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the second LC unit comprises lumped inductive and capacitive elements.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reference characteristic impedance is a power amplifier load coupled to the power amplifier output stage.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the phase shifter is an active phase shifter, the active phase shifter further comprising:
a lower differential unit, coupled to an input stage and the peak input terminal, for generating the peak amplifier input signal;
an upper differential unit, coupled to the input stage and the carrier input terminal, for generating the carrier amplifier input signal; and
a phase control unit, coupled to the input stage and the upper differential unit, for tuning a phase difference between the peak amplifier input signal and the carrier amplifier input signal within a phase tolerance.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the active phase shifter further comprises at least one transistor and at least one lumped element integrated on a semiconductor die.
13. The system of claim 1 , wherein the phase shifter is a passive phase shifter, the passive phase shifter further comprising capacitive and inductive lumped elements.
14. The system of claim 1 , wherein the phase shifter, the carrier amplifier, the peak amplifier, and the output matching unit are integrated on a semiconductor die.
15. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one characteristic of the power amplifier is linearity.
16. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a baseband modem chipset of the mobile handset for receiving signals transmitted by a remote base station and generating the voltage control signal in a first voltage state if power levels of the received signals indicate that the power amplifier operates within a low power range and generating the voltage control signal in a second voltage state if the power levels of the received signals indicate that the power amplifier operates within a high power range.
17. The system of claim 16 , wherein the peak amplifier further comprises a voltage control unit configured to receive the voltage control signal and control a bias current of the peak amplifier such that the power amplifier is operated as a Doherty-type amplifier when the voltage control signal is in the first voltage state and the peak amplifier is operated as a class AB amplifier when the voltage control signal is in the second voltage state.
18. A method for signal processing by a Doherty communication amplifier in a mobile handset, the Doherty communication amplifier including a carrier amplifier and a peak amplifier, the method comprising:
receiving a carrier amplifier output signal;
receiving a peak amplifier output signal; and
processing the carrier amplifier output signal and the peak amplifier output signal as a slow-wave structured electromagnetic wave, including reducing the phase velocities of the carrier and peak amplifier signals, to generate a Doherty communication amplifier output signal.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the processing further comprises processing the carrier amplifier output signal and the peak amplifier output signal as a slow-wave structured electromagnetic wave via capacitively shunted transmission lines.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein at least one of the capacitively shunted transmission lines has a length less than a quarter of a wavelength of a Doherty communication amplifier input signal.
21. The method of claim 18 , further comprising:
processing a Doherty communication amplifier input signal via a phase shifter to generate a differential output, the differential output further comprising a first differential output signal and a second differential output signal, the first differential output signal and the second differential output signal having a phase difference; and
tuning the phase difference to within a phase tolerance based upon characteristics of the Doherty communication amplifier input signal.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the phase tolerance is 5%.
23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the Doherty communication amplifier input signal characteristics include input signal frequency and input signal power.
24. The method of claim 18 , further comprising:
receiving signals transmitted by a remote base station;
generating a voltage control signal based upon power levels of the signals transmitted by the remote base station; and
biasing the peak amplifier via the voltage control signal.
25. The method of claim 24 , wherein generating the voltage control signal further comprises generating the voltage control signal in a first state if the power levels of the signals transmitted by the remote base station indicate that the Doherty communication amplifier operates in a low output power range, and generating the voltage control signal in a second state if the power levels of the signals transmitted by the remote base station indicate that the Doherty communication amplifier operates in a high output power range.
26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the voltage control signal in the first state biases the peak amplifier as a class B or a class C amplifier.
27. The method of claim 25 , wherein the voltage control signal in the second state biases the peak amplifier as a class AB amplifier.
28. The system of claim 25 , wherein the low output power range and the high output power range are separated by an output power threshold of 10–19 dBm.
29. A system for signal processing by a Doherty communication amplifier in a mobile handset, the Doherty communication amplifier including a carrier amplifier and a peak amplifier, comprising:
means for receiving a carrier amplifier output signal;
means for receiving a peak amplifier output signal; and
means for processing the carrier amplifier output signal and the peak amplifier output signal as a slow-wave structured electromagnetic wave, including means for reducing the phase velocities of the carrier and peak amplifier output signals, to generate a Doherty communication amplifier output signal.
30. The system of claim 29 , wherein the means for processing further comprises means for processing the carrier amplifier output signal and the peak amplifier output signal as a slow-wave structured electromagnetic wave via capacitively shunted transmission lines.
31. The system of claim 29 , further comprising
means for processing a Doherty communication amplifier input signal via a phase shifter to generate a differential output, the differential output further comprising a first differential output signal and a second differential output signal, the first differential output signal and the second differential output signal having a phase difference; and
means for tuning the phase difference to within a phase tolerance based upon input signal characteristics.
32. The system of claim 29 , further comprising
means for receiving signals transmitted by a remote base station;
means for generating a voltage control signal based upon power levels of the signals transmitted by the remote base station; and
means for biasing the peak amplifier via the voltage control signal.
33. The system of claim 32 , wherein the means for biasing further comprises means for biasing the peak amplifier as a class B or a class C amplifier.
34. The system of claim 32 , wherein the means for biasing further comprises means for biasing the peak amplifier as a class AB amplifier.