Styrenic polymer composites
View Patent ↗A composite composition is disclosed that comprises the reaction product of a mixture of a styrenic polymer, as defined herein, a polar component having nucleophilic functional groups, and from 0.5 to 10 wt % of a compatibilizer having the formula: R y (I)-(styrene) n -[(styrene) m (X)] p —I(R y ) wherein: R is the residue of a nitroxide used to regulate the polymerization of the compatibilizer; I is the residue of a radical initiator used to initiate polymerization of the compatibilizer; n is an integer from 50 to 750; m is an integer from 0 to 10; p is an integer from 1 to 50; and y is an integer from 0 to 1; and X is any polymerized monomeric moiety having at least one functional group capable of reacting with the nucleophilic functional groups present in the polar component of the composite at the temperature at which the composite components are mixed.
1. A composite composition comprising the reaction product of a mixture of a styrenic polymer; a polar component having nucleophilic functional groups and selected from the group consisting of glass, polyamides, and mixtures thereof, and from 1–3 wt % of a compatibilizer having the formula:
R y (I)-(styrene) n -[(styrene) m (X)] p —I(R y )
wherein:
R is the residue of a nitroxide used to regulate the polymerization of the compatibilizer;
I is the residue of a radical initiator used to initiate polymerization of the compatibilizer;
n is an integer from 50 to 750;
m is an integer from 0 to 10; p is an integer from 1 to 50;
y is an integer from 0 to 1; and
X is selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride, tert.-butyl acrylate, and glycidyl methacrylate.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the polar component having nucleophilic functional groups is selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, polyamide-6, polyamide-66, polyamide-12, and mixtures thereof.
3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the polar component having nucleophilic functional groups is selected from the group consisting of polyamide-6, polyamide-66, polyamide-12, and mixtures thereof.
4. The composition of claim 1 wherein m is 0 and X is maleic anhydride.
5. The composition of claim 1 wherein m is 0 and X is tert.-butyl acrylate.
6. The composition of claim 1 wherein m is 0 and X is glycidyl methacrylate.
7. The composition of claim 3 wherein m is 0 and X is maleic anhydride.
8. The composition of claim 3 wherein m is 0 and X is tert.-butyl acrylate.
9. The composition of claim 3 wherein m is 0 and X is glycidyl methacrylate.
10. The composition of claim 1 wherein the compatibilizer is (polystyrene-co-maleic anhydride)-block-polystyrene or polystyrene-block-tert-butyl acrylate polymer wherein the number average molecular weight, M n , of the polystyrene block is 25,000–45,000 and the maleic anhydride or butyl acrylate is either a single unit on the end of the polystyrene chain or is present in a poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) or poly(butyl acrylate) block having an M n of from 1000–7000.
11. The composition of claim 1 wherein I is the residue of a peroxide, an alkyl-azo compound, or an alkoxyamine compound.
12. The composition of claim 1 wherein y is 1 and R is the residue of stable free radical compound that is a polymerization inhibitor having the structural formula:
wherein: R 1 and R 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and heteroatom-substituted alkyl and R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl and heteroatom-substituted alkyl; and X 1 and X 2
(1) are independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, COOR 11 (wherein R 11 is alkyl or aryl), amido, —S—C 6 H 5 , —S—COCH 3 , —OCOC 2 H 5 , carbonyl, alkenyl, or alkyl of 1 to 15 carbon atoms, or
(2) can be taken together to form a ring structure with the nitrogen of five, six, or seven members.
13. The composition of claim 12 wherein the stable free radical compound is 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-one-1-oxyl.
14. The composition of claim 1 wherein the styrenic polymer is a polymer or copolymer of styrene.