Foamer composition and methods for making and using same
View Patent ↗A new general purpose foaming agent having application as drilling fluid foaming agents or as any foaming agent needed an a wide variety of applications is disclosed, where the agent includes at least one anionic surfactant, at least one cationic surfactant, and mixtures thereof and one or more zwitterionic compounds. A method for using the foaming agent in capillary coiled tubing application is also disclosed. The foaming agents can also include additive to augment the properties of the foaming agent for a given application.
1. An aqueous foaming composition for use in oil field applications comprising from about 8 to about 16 wt. % of a first anionic alcohol ether sulfate surfactant comprising short chain sodium or ammonium alcohol ether sulfate surfactants having between 2 and about 10 carbon atoms, from about 40 to about 60 wt. % of a second anionic alcohol ether sulfate surfactant comprising long chain sodium or ammonium alcohol ether sulfate surfactants having between about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms, and from about 15 wt. % to about 35 wt. % of at least one zwitterionic compounds, where the composition is biodegradable, is heat stable at a temperature of 280° F., has a near zero Zeta value, produces no residuals at temperatures up to 280° F. and is capable of being recycled.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein alcohol ether sulfate surfactants comprise compounds of the general formula R 1 O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) n SO 3 NH 4 , where R 1 is a carbon-containing group including an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkaryl group, an aralkyl group or mixture thereof.
3. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least two short chain sodium or ammonium alcohol ether sulfate surfactants, and at least two long chain sodium or ammonium alcohol ether sulfate surfactants.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein short chain sodium or ammonium alcohol ether sulfate surfactants have between about 4 and 10 carbon atoms.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the long chain sodium or ammonium alcohol ether sulfate surfactants have between about 12 and about 18 carbon atoms.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the long chain sodium or ammonium alcohol ether sulfate surfactants have between about 12 and about 14 carbon atoms.
7. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the alkylaryl sulfonates selected from the group consisting of alkylbenzene sulfonic acids and their salts, dialkylbenzene disulfonic acids and their salts, dialkylbenzene sulfonic acids and their salts, alkyltoluene/alkyl xylene sulfonic acids and their salts, alkylnaphthalene sulfonic acids/condensed alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acids and their salts, alkylphenol sulfonic acids/condensed alkylphenol sulfonic acids and their salts, and mixtures or combinations thereof.
8. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the alkyl ether sulfonates comprises compounds of the general formula R 2 [—(O—(R 3 O)m-(R 4 O)n-(R 5 )] y , where: R 2 =alkyl, alkenyl, amine, alkylamine, dialkylamine, trialkylamine, aromatic, polyaromatic, cycloalkane, cycloalkene, R 3 , R 4 =C 2 H 4 or C 3 H 6 or C 4 H 8 R 4 =linear or branched C 7 H 14 SO 3 X to C 30 H 60 SO 3 X when y =1, R 5 =linear or branched C 7 H 14 SO 3 X to C 30 H 60 SO 3 X or H when y >1 but at least one R 4 must be linear or branched C 7 H 14 SO 3 X to C 30 H 60 SO 3 X, M is greater or equal to 1, n is greater or equal to 0, n+m=1 to30+, y is greater or equal to 1, X=alkali metal or alkaline earth metal or ammonium or amine.
9. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one cationic surfactants comprising bis quaternary ammonium halides.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the zwitterionic compounds are selected from the group consisting of betaines, sulfo-betaines, amino acids, phospholipids, and mixtures or combinations thereof.
11. The composition of claim 10 , wherein the betaines are selected from compounds of:
(1) the general structure R 6 ,R 7 ,R 8 N + —R 9 —CO 2 − , where R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are the same or different carbon-containing group, amido carbon-containing group, ether carbon-containing group, or mixtures thereof, and R 9 is an alkenyl group, alkenyloxide group or mixtures thereof;
(2) the general structure R 10 (R 7 ,R 8 N + —R 9 —CO 2 − ) n , where R 7 and Ware the same or different carbon-containing group, amido carbon-containing group, ether carbon-containing group, or mixtures thereof, R 9 is an alkenyl group, alkenyloxide group or mixtures thereof, and R 10 is a multivalent substituent having a valency n between 2 and about 6;
(3) the general structure R 12 —C(O)—N(R 11 )—R 13 —N + (R 7 ,R 8 )—R 9 —CO 2 − , where R 7 , R 8 , R 11 and R 12 are the same or different carbon-containing group, amido carbon-containing group, ether carbon-containing group, or mixtures thereof, and R 9 and R 13 are the same or different alkenyl group, alkenyloxide group or mixtures thereof;
(4) the general structure R 14 —[R 15 —C(O)—N(R 11 )—R 13 —N + (R 7 ,R 8 )—R 9 —CO 2 ] m , where R 7 , R 8 and R 11 are the same or different carbon-containing group, amido carbon-containing group, ether carbon-containing group, or mixtures thereof, R 9 , R 13 and R 15 are the same or different alkenyl group, alkenyloxide group or mixtures thereof and R 14 is a multivalent substituent having a valency m between 2 and about 6; and
(5) mixtures or combinations thereof.
12. The composition of claim 10 , wherein the betaines are selected from group consisting of cocamidopropyl betaine, 5-(1-piperidiniomethyl)-1H-tetrazolide, and mixtures or combinations thereof.
13. The composition of claim 10 , wherein the sulfo-betaines are selected from group consisting of N-decyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate; dimethylbenzyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium; dimethylethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium; dimethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium; 4-n-hexylbenzoylamido-propyl-dimethylammoniosulfobetaine; N-methyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)morpholinium; 4-n-octylbenzoylamido-propyl-dimethylammoniosulfobetaine; 1-(3-sulfopropyl)pyridium; N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate, and mixtures or combination thereof.
14. The composition of claim 10 , wherein the phospholipids are selected from the group consisting of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphalidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin and other ceramides, and mixtures or combinations thereof.
15. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising an additive selected from the group consisting of a winterizing agent, a foam booster, a anti-freeze agents, a solvent, a sodium salt of alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS), an acid salt, a nonionic surfactant, a fatty acid, a foam enhancer and mixtures or combinations thereof.
16. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the winterizing agent is selected from the group consisting of lithium formate, sodium formate, potassium formate, cesium formate, triethyanolamine formate, and mixtures or combinations.
17. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the foam booster comprises a cellosolve of the general formula R 9 OCH 2 CH 2 OH where R 9 is an alkyl group having between about 2 and about 8 carbon atoms and mixtures or combinations.
18. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the anti-freeze agents selected from the group consisting of alcohols, glycols or other freezing point depressing agents and mixtures or combinations.
19. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the solvent selected from the group consisting of water, alcohols, ethers, esters or mixtures or combinations thereof.
20. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the sodium salt of alpha olefin sulfonate (AOSs) selected from the group consisting of short chain alpha olefin sulfonates having between about 2 and about 10 carbon atoms, longer chain alpha olefin sulfonates having between about 10 and about 24 carbon atoms and mixtures or combinations thereof.
21. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the acid salts selected from the group consisting of cyclamic acid salts such as sodium (cyclamate), potassium, salts of sulfonated methyl esters having between about 12 and about 22 carbon atoms, where the salt is sodium, potassium, ammonium, alkylammonium, salts of 2-aminoethane sulfonic acids, where the salt is an alkali metal, ammonium, or alkylammonium, and mixtures or combinations thereof.
22. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the nonionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene oxide, amine oxides such as lauramine oxide and mixtures or combinations.
23. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of lauric acid, oleic acid, stearic acid and mixtures or combinations.
24. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the foam enhancer selected from the group consisting of a linear dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid salt, a sarcosinate salt, and mixtures or combinations thereof.
25. An aqueous foaming composition comprising from about 8 to about 16 wt. % of a first alcohol ether sulfate surfactant comprising short chain sodium or ammonium alcohol ether sulfate surfactants having between 2 and about 10 carbon atoms, from about 40 to about 60 wt. % of a second alcohol ether sulfate surfactant comprising long chain sodium or ammonium alcohol ether sulfate surfactants having between about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms, at least one cationic surfactant and from about 15 wt. % to about 35 wt. % at least one zwitterionic compounds where the composition is biodegradable, is heat stable at a temperature of 280° F., and produces no residuals at temperatures up to 280° F. and capable of being recycled.
26. An aqueous foaming composition for use in oil field applications comprising from about 8 to about 16 wt. % of a first alcohol ether sulfate surfactant comprising short chain sodium or ammonium alcohol ether sulfate surfactants having between 2 and about 10 carbon atoms, from about 40 to about 60 wt. % of a second alcohol ether sulfate surfactant comprising long chain sodium or ammonium alcohol ether sulfate surfactants having between about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms, at least two cationic surfactants and from about 15 wt. % to about 35 wt. % at least one zwitterionic compounds where the composition is biodegradable, is heat stable at a temperature of 280° F., has a near zero Zeta value, and produces no residuals at temperatures up to 280° F. and capable of being recycled.
27. An aqueous foaming composition for use in oil field applications comprising a mixture or combination of from about 8 to about 16 wt. % of a first alcohol ether sulfate surfactant comprising short chain sodium or ammonium alcohol ether sulfate surfactants having between 2 and about 10 carbon atoms, from about 40 to about 60 wt. % of a second alcohol ether sulfate surfactant comprising long chain sodium or ammonium alcohol ether sulfate surfactants having between about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms, and at least one cationic surfactants and from about 15 wt. % to about 35 wt. % at least one zwitterionic compounds where the composition is biodegradable, is heat stable at a temperature of 280° F., has a near zero Zeta value, and produces no residuals at temperatures up to 280° F., produces a foam having a foam height of at least 580 mL and a foam half life of at least 5 minutes in tap water and the composition is capable of being recycled.
28. A foaming composition for use in oil field applications comprising from about 15 wt. % to about 35 wt. % of a betaine containing solution, from about 8 to about 16 wt % of a first anionic surfactant comprising a first alcohol ether sulfate surfactant solution comprising short chain sodium or ammonium alcohol ether sulfate surfactants having between 2 and about 10 carbon atoms and from about 40 to about 60 wt % of a second anionic surfactant comprising a second alcohol ether sulfate surfactant solution comprising long chain sodium or ammonium alcohol ether sulfate surfactants having between about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms with the balance being water, where the composition is biodegradable, is heat stable at a temperature of 280° F., has a near zero Zeta value, produces no residuals at temperatures up to 280° F., produces a foam having a foam height of at least 580 mL and a foam half life of at least 5 minutes in tap water and the composition is capable of being recycled.
29. The composition of claim 28 , wherein the composition further comprises from about 20 to about 30 wt % of the betaine containing solution, from about 10 to about 14 wt % of the first alcohol ether sulfate surfactant solution and from about 45 to about 55wt % of the second alcohol ether sulfate surfactant solution with the balance being water.
30. The composition of claim 28 , wherein the composition further comprises from about 25 wt % of a betaine containing solution, from about 12 wt % of a first alcohol ether sulfate surfactant solution and from about 50 wt % of a second alcohol ether sulfate surfactant solution with the balance being water.
31. The composition of claim 28 , wherein the composition further comprises from about 40 wt. % to about 80 wt. % of a zwitterionic-containing foam composition comprising from about 25 wt% of a betaine containing solution, from about 12 wt % of a first alcohol ether sulfate surfactant solution and from about 50 wt % of a second alcohol ether sulfate surfactant solution with the balance being water, from about 60 to about 20 wt. % of an AOS and from about 1 wt. % to about 15 wt. % methanol.
32. The composition of claim 31 , wherein the composition further comprises from about 45 wt. % to about 70 wt. % of the zwitterionic-containing foam composition, from about 55 wt. % to about 30 wt. % of the AOS, and from about 5 wt. % to about 10 wt. % methanol.
33. The composition of claim 32 , wherein the composition further comprises from about 50 wt. % to about 60 wt. % of the zwitterionic-containing foam composition, from about 50 wt. % to about 40 wt. % of the AOS, and from about 5 wt. % to about 10 wt. % methanol.
34. The composition of claim 33 , wherein the composition further comprises from about 55 wt. % of the zwitterionic-containing foam composition, about 45 wt. % of the AOS, and about 10 wt. % methanol.
35. The composition of claim 28 , wherein the composition is diluted with a purified water selected from the group consisting of deionized water, osmotically purified water and mixtures or combinations thereof.