Copper complexes and their use

1. A process for preparing a compound(s) of the formula (IV)

Ar—(F-R2) n   (IV)

in which

n is 1, 2 or 3and

Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic radical and

F is oxygen, sulphur, NR 3 , NR 3 CO or ethyndiyl, where R 3 is hydrogen, C 1 –C 12 -alkyl, C 5 –C 18 -aryl or C 6 –C 19 -arylalkyl and

R 2 is Ar, C 1 –C 12 -alkyl, C 1 –C 12 -haloalkyl, C 2 –C 12 -alkenyl or C 6 –C 19 -arylalkyl,

comprising reacting a compound(s) of the formula (V)

Ar-Z  (V)

in which

Ar is as defined above and

Z is chlorine, bromine, iodine, a diazonium salt or sulphonate with a compound(s) of the formula (VI)

H—F—R 2   (VI)

in which

F and R 2 are each as defined above and

in the presence of base and a compound(s) of the formula (I)

in which

Het 1 , Het 2 and Het 3 are each independently absent, or are oxygen or NR 1 where R 1 is C 1 –C 8 -alkyl, C 5 –C 18 -aryl or C 6 –C 19 -arylalkyl and

B 1 and B 2 are each independently C 1 –C 8 -alkyl, C 5 –C 18 -aryl or C 6 –C 19 -arylalkyl, or the B 1 and B 2 radicals together are a divalent radical having a total of 2 to 40 carbon atoms and

B 3 is C 1 –C 8 -alkyl, C 5 –C 18 -alkyl, C 6 –C 19 -arylalkyl or a radical having a total of 2 to 40 carbon atoms and the valency n,

Xis halide, (C 1 –C 8 -haloalkyl)carboxylate, (C 1 –C 8 -alkyl)carboxylate, (C 1 –C 8 -haloalkyl)sulphonate, (C 5 –C 18 -aryl)sulphonate, cyanide, optionally fluorinated acetylacetonate, nitrate, oxinate, phosphate, carbonate, hexafluorophosphate, tetraphenylborate, tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate or tetrafluoroborate, and

p is 0, 1, or 2 and

n is 1, 2or 3 and

m is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.

2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the compound(s) according to the formula (I) is used as an isolated compound(s) or is generated in situ.

3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein Ar is carbocyclic aromatic radicals having 6 to 24 framework carbon atoms or heteroaromatic radicals having 5 to 24 framework atoms of which zero, one, two or three framework atoms per cycle, but at least one framework atom in the entire molecule, are heteroatoms which are selected from the group of nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen, and the carbocyclic aromatic radicals or the heteroaromatic radicals which are optionally substituted by up to five identical or different substituents per cycle which are selected from the group of hydroxyl, chlorine, fluorine, nitro, cyano, free or protected formyl, C 1 –C 12 -alkyl, C 5 –C 14 -aryl, C 6 –C 15 -arylalkyl, —PO-[(C 1 –C 8 )-alkyl] 2 , —PO-[(C 5 –C 14 )-aryl] 2 , —PO-[(C 1 –C 8 )-alkyl)(C 5 –C 14 )aryl)], tri(C 1 –C 8 -alkyl)siloxyl or radicals of the formula (VIIa–f)

A-B-D-E  (VIIa)

A-E  (VIIb)

A-SO 2 -E  (VIIc)

A-B—SO 2 R 4   (VIId)

A-SO 3 W  (VIIe)

A-COW  (VIIf)

in which, each independently,

A is absent or is a C 1 –C 8 -alkylene radical and

B is absent or is oxygen, sulphur or NR 4 ,

where R 4 is hydrogen, C 1 –C 8 -alkyl, C 6 –C 15 -arylalkyl or C 5 –C 14 -aryl and

D is a carbonyl group and

E is R 5 , OR 5 , NHR 6 or N(R 6 ) 2 ,

where R 5 is C 1 –C 8 -alkyl, C 6 –C 15 -arylalkyl, C 1 –C 8 -haloalkyl or C 5 –C 14 -aryl and

R 6 is in each case independently C 1 –C 8 -alkyl, C 6 –C 15 -arylalkyl or C 5 –C 14 -aryl, or N(R 6 ) 2 together is a cyclic amino radical and

W is OH, NH 2 or OM where M is an alkali metal ion, half an equivalent of an alkaline earth metal ion, an ammonium ion or an organic ammonium ion.

4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein R 2 is Ar or C 1 –C 12 -alkyl.

5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the compound(s) of the formula (I) is used in amounts of 0.02 mol % to 10 mol %, based on the compounds of the formula (IV) used.

6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the base used is an alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal carbonate, hydrogencarbonate, alkoxide, phosphate, fluoride and/or hydroxide.

7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the base used is pretreated by grinding and/or drying.