Identification and engineering of antibodies with variant Fc regions and methods of using same
The present invention relates to molecules, particularly polypeptides, more particularly immunoglobulins (e.g., antibodies), comprising a variant Fc region, wherein said variant Fc region comprises at least one amino acid modification relative to a wild-type Fc region, which variant Fc region binds FcγRIIA and/or FcγRIIA with a greater affinity, relative to a comparable molecule comprising the wild-type Fc region. The molecules of the invention are particularly useful in preventing, treating, or ameliorating one or more symptoms associated with a disease, disorder, or infection. The molecules of the invention are particularly useful for the treatment or prevention of a disease or disorder where an enhanced efficacy of effector cell function (e.g., ADCC) mediated by FcγR is desired, e.g., cancer, infectious disease, and in enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of therapeutic antibodies the effect of which is mediated by ADCC.
1. An antibody which comprises an antigen binding region and a variant Fe region, wherein said variant Fc region:
(A) differs from a wild-type Fe region by comprising an amino acid modification at position 396, according to the EU index as in Kabat, relative to said wild-type Fc region; and
(B) binds an FcγR with an increased affinity relative to a said wild-type Fc region.
2. The antibody of claim 1 , wherein said variant Fc region differs from said wild-type Fc region in comprising additional amino acid modification(s) at position 210; 215; 217; 246; 250; 255; 268; 288; 290; or 419 of said wild-type Fc region.
3. The antibody of claim 1 , wherein said variant Fc region differs from said wild-type Fc region in comprising additional amino acid modification(s) of said wild-type Fc region selected from the group consisting of: 210GM; 217S; 227S; 240A; 242F; 244H; 246T; 247S; 248M; 250A; 250S; 255I; 255L; 258D; 268D; 268N; 303I; 305L; 323I; 326I; 334N; 358P; 370E; 375C; 379M; 384K; 392T; 400F; 410H; 419H; 419L; or 427A.
4. The antibody of claim 1 , wherein said variant Fc region differs from said wild-type Fc region in comprising additional amino acid modification(s) of said wild-type Fc region selected from the group consisting of:
(1) 221E; 270E; 308A, 311H and 402D;
(2) 319F and 352L;
(3) 288R; 307A; and 344E;
(4) 210M and 261N; and
(5) 243L; 305I; 378D; and 404S.
5. The antibody of any of claims 1 - 4 , wherein said FcγR is FcγRIIIA.
6. The antibody of claim 5 , wherein said variant Fc region of said antibody has decreased affinity for FcγRIIB relative to said wild-type Fc region.
7. The antibody of claim 6 , wherein said variant Fc region comprises amino acid modifications of said wild-type Fc region selected from the group consisting of:
(1) 221E; 270E; 308A; 311H; 396L and 402D;
(2) 243L; 305I; 376D; 404S; and 396L;
(3) 255I and 396L;
(4) 370E and 396L.
(5) 392T and 396L; and
(6) 410H and 396L.
8. The antibody of any of claims 1 - 4 wherein said wild-type Fc region is an Fc region of a human IgG Fc region.
9. The antibody of claim 8 , wherein said human IgG Fe region is a human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4 Fc region.
10. The antibody of claim 8 , wherein said variant Fc region of said antibody specifically binds FcγRIIIA with at least two times greater affinity than the wild-type Fc region.
11. The antibody of claim 1 - 4 , wherein said antigen binding region binds a cancer antigen or an antigen associated with an infectious disease.
12. The antibody of claim 11 , wherein said antibody binds a cancer antigen and mediates antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity 2-fold more effectively than an antibody comprising said wild-type Fc region.
13. The antibody of claim 11 , wherein said antibody binds a cancer antigen and said cancer antigen is HER-2/neu, MAGE-1, MAGE-3, BAGE, GAGE-1, GAGE-2, MUM-1, CDK4, MUC-1, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, p15, beta-catenin, human papillomavirus-E6, or human papillomavirus-E7.
14. The antibody of claim 1 , wherein said amino acid modification at position 396 is a substitution of leucine at said position.
15. The antibody of claim 5 , wherein said amino acid modification at position 396 is a substitution of leucine at said position.
16. The antibody of claim 6 , wherein said amino acid modification at position 396 is a substitution of leucine at said position.
17. The antibody of claim 8 , wherein said amino acid modification at position 396 is a substitution of leucine at said position.
18. The antibody of claim 10 , wherein said amino acid modification at position 396 is a substitution of leucine at said position.
19. The antibody of claim 11 , wherein said amino acid modification at position 396 is a substitution of leucine at said position.
20. The antibody of claim 12 , wherein said amino acid modification at position 396 is a substitution of leucine at said position.
21. The antibody of claim 13 , wherein said amino acid modification at position 396 is a substitution of leucine at said position.
22. The antibody of claim 14 , wherein said amino acid modification at position 396 is a substitution of leucine at said position.