Polyurethane rolls and methods of manufacturing
Rolls having a polyurethane elastomer formed from a polyurethane mixture, wherein the polyurethane mixture comprises polydiene, tri-functional polyol curative, an additional graft polymer curative having a molecular weight of at least about 800 and comprising diol, polyol, diamine, polyamine or a combination thereof, conductive modifier, antioxidant, and hydrolytic stabilizer. Methods of forming such rolls include casting the polyurethane mixture, followed by curing, then demolding, grinding to desired dimensions and baking such that the outer layer of the cured roll is oxidized.
1. A roll comprising a polyurethane elastomer formed from a polyurethane mixture, wherein the polyurethane mixture comprises urethane prepolymer, polydiene, tri-functional polyol curative, an additional graft polymer curative having a molecular weight of at least about 800 and comprising at least two hydroxy and/or amino groups, conductive modifier, hydrolytic stabilizer, and, optionally, antioxidant; wherein the additional graft polymer curative having the at least two hydroxy and/or amino groups comprises at least one acrylate, silicone or polyester side chain.
2. The roll according to claim 1 , wherein the roll is a developer roll.
3. The roll according to claim 1 , wherein the polydiene is polydiene diol or polydiene prepolymer.
4. The roll according to claim 1 , wherein the urethane prepolymer comprises polycaprolactone ester toluene diisocyanate prepolymer.
5. The roll according to claim 3 , wherein the polydiene diol comprises polybutadiene diol.
6. The roll according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive modifier is selected from the group consisting of ferric chloride, ferrous chloride, calcium chloride, cobalt hexafluoroacetylacetonate and combinations thereof.
7. The roll according to claim 6 , wherein the conductive modifier comprises ferric chloride.
8. The roll according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrolytic stabilizer comprises triisopropanolamine.
9. The roll according to claim 1 , exhibiting a Shore A hardness of less than about 50 according to ASTM D2240-86 and a compression set of less than about 8% according to ASTM D395-89, method B, at a temperature of about 70° C. for about 22 hours.
10. An image forming device comprising a roll as recited in claim 1 .
11. The image forming device according to claim 10 , wherein the image forming device comprises an electrophotographic printer.
12. The roll according to claim 1 , wherein the additional graft polymer curative further comprises a polyether side chain.
13. A method of manufacturing a roll comprising:
a) casting a polyurethane mixture into a mold, the polyurethane mixture comprising urethane prepolymer, polydiene, tri-functional polyol curative, from about 9% to about 40% by weight of an additional graft polymer curative having a molecular weight of at least about 800 and comprising at least two hydroxy and/or amino groups, conductive modifier, hydrolytic stabilizer, and, optionally, antioxidant,
b) curing the polyurethane mixture to allow demolding of a resulting roll;
c) demolding the roll and, optionally, post-curing the demolded roll;
d) grinding the roll to desired dimensions; and
e) baking the roll under conditions sufficient to oxidize an outer layer of the roll,
wherein the additional graft polymer curative having the at least two hydroxy and/or amino groups comprises at least one acrylate, silicone or polyester side chain.
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the urethane prepolymer comprises polycaprolactone ester toluene diisocyanate prepolymer.
15. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the polydiene is polydiene diol or polydiene prepolymer.
16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the polydiene diol comprises polybutadiene diol.
17. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the conductive modifier is selected from the group consisting of ferric chloride, ferrous chloride, calcium chloride, cobalt hexafluoroacetylacetonate and combinations thereof.
18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the conductive modifier comprises ferric chloride.
19. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the hydrolytic stabilizer comprises triisopropanolamine.
20. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the antioxidant comprises 2,6-di-tertiarybutyl-4-methyl-phenol.
21. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the roll has a hardness of less than about 50 Shore A according to ASTM D2240-86 and a compression set of less than or about 8% according to ASTM D395-89, method B, at a temperature of about 70° C. for about 22 hours.
22. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the outer layer has a resistivity from about 5.0×10 9 ohm-cm to about 2.0×10 12 ohm-cm.
23. A developer roll for an image forming device, comprising a polyurethane elastomer formed from a polyurethane mixture, wherein the polyurethane mixture comprises polycaprolactone urethane prepolymer, polybutadiene diol, tri-functional polyol curative, a grafted polymer curative having two hydroxy groups and a silicone side chain, conductive modifier comprising ferric chloride, hydrolytic stabilizer comprising triisopropanolamine, and antioxidant comprising 2,6-di-tertiarybutyl-4-methyl-phenol, wherein the developer roll exhibits a Shore A hardness of less than about 50 according to ASTM D2240-86 and a compression set of less than about 5% according to ASTM D395-89, method B, at a temperature of about 70° C. for about 22 hours.
24. A method of manufacturing a roll, comprising:
a) casting a polyurethane mixture into a mold, the polyurethane mixture comprising polycaprolactone urethane prepolymer, polybutadiene diol, tri-functional polyol curative, a grafted polymer curative having two hydroxy groups and a silicone side chain, conductive modifier comprising ferric chloride, hydrolytic stabilizer comprising triisopropanolamine, and antioxidant comprising 2,6-di-tertiarybutyl-4-methyl-phenol, wherein the developer roll exhibits a Shore A hardness of less than about 50 according to ASTM D2240-86 and a compression set of less than about 5% according to ASTM D395-89, method B, at a temperature of about 70° C. for about 22 hours,
b) curing the polyurethane mixture to allow demolding of a resulting roll;
c) demolding the roll and, optionally, post-curing the demolded roll;
d) grinding the roll to desired dimensions; and
e) baking the roll under conditions sufficient to oxidize an outer layer of the roll, wherein the outer layer has a resistivity from about 5.0×10 9 ohm-cm to about 2.0×10 12 ohm-cm.