Rocket motor nozzle assemblies having vacuum plasma-sprayed refractory metal shell throat inserts, methods of making, and rocket motors including same
View Patent ↗The rocket motor nozzle assembly of this invention includes a throat insert and a carbon or silica protective eyelid. The throat insert has a carbon throat support and a refractory metal shell. The shell is positioned radially inside the throat support to cover the inner surface of the throat support. The protective eyelid covers a sufficient portion of the forward surface region of the shell and the underlying converging portion of the throat support to protect these components against particle impingement. The protective eyelid extends sufficiently far forward along the converging/diverging pathway to cover and protect the forward face or edge of the throat insert and prevent the combustion gases from passing under the throat insert and reaching the radially outer surfaces of the throat insert. However, the protective eyelid leaves the throat surface region of the shell exposed to the converging/diverging pathway.
1. A nozzle assembly comprising:
a substantially annular casing;
a support disposed radially inwardly of the substantially annular casing;
a shell disposed radially inwardly of the support including at least a throat region defining a minimum cross-sectional area of the nozzle assembly as taken substantially transverse to an intended flow path through the nozzle assembly, and a diverging region located downstream from the throat region along the intended flow path, wherein at least an exposed surface of the throat region and an exposed surface of the diverging region are formed of a material comprising at least one of a refractory metal and a refractory metal alloy; and
a protective layer formed of a material comprising at least one of a carbon-based material and a silica-based material, wherein the protective layer overlaps an edge of the shell located upstream from the throat region along the intended flow path.
2. The nozzle assembly of claim 1 , wherein the material comprising at least one of a refractory metal and a refractory metal alloy comprises at least one of tungsten, rhenium, a nd tantalum.
3. The nozzle assembly of claim 1 , wherein the material comprising at least one of a refractory metal and a refractory metal alloy comprises an alloy of at least one of tungsten, rhenium, and tantalum.
4. The nozzle assembly of claim 1 , wherein the material comprising at least one of a refractory metal and a refractory metal alloy comprises a composition including approximately 75% to approximately 95% tungsten by weight.
5. The nozzle assembly of claim 4 , wherein the composition further includes approximately 5% to approximately 25% rhenium by weight.
6. The nozzle assembly of claim 1 , wherein the protective layer extends adjacent to the throat region of the shell upstream therefrom along the intended flow path.
7. The nozzle assembly of claim 6 , wherein a surface of the protective layer at an aft end thereof along the intended flow path is substantially tangential with an adjacent surface of the shell.
8. A rocket motor assembly comprising:
a motor case comprising a combustion chamber and at least one propellant disposed within the motor case;
a nozzle assembly coupled with the motor case, the nozzle assembly comprising:
a support structure;
a shell disposed radially inwardly of the support structure including at least a throat region defining a minimum cross-sectional area of the nozzle assembly as taken substantially transverse to an intended flow path through the nozzle assembly, and a diverging region located downstream from the throat region along the intended flow path, wherein at least an exposed surface of the throat region and an exposed surface of the diverging region are formed of a material comprising at least one of a refractory metal and a refractory metal alloy; and
a protective layer formed of a material comprising at least one of a carbon-based material and a silica-based material, wherein the protective layer overlaps an edge of the shell located upstream from the throat region along the intended flow path.
9. The rocket motor assembly of claim 8 , wherein the material comprising at least one of a refractory metal and a refractory metal alloy comprises at least one of tungsten, rhenium, and tantalum.
10. The rocket motor assembly of claim 8 , wherein the material comprising at least one of a refractory metal and a refractory metal alloy comprises an alloy of at least one of tungsten, rhenium, and tantalum.
11. The rocket motor assembly of claim 8 , wherein the material comprising at least one of a refractory metal and a refractory metal alloy comprises a composition including approximately 75% to approximately 95% tungsten by weight.
12. The rocket motor assembly of claim 11 , wherein the composition further includes approximately 5% to approximately 25% rhenium by weight.
13. The rocket motor assembly of claim 8 , wherein the protective layer extends adjacent to the throat region of the shell upstream therefrom along the intended flow path.
14. The nozzle assembly of claim 13 , wherein a surface of the protective layer at an aft end thereof along the intended flow path is substantially tangential with an adjacent surface of the shell.
15. The nozzle assembly of claim 8 , further comprising a skirt coupled to the nozzle assembly.
16. A method of making rocket motor nozzle assembly, the method comprising:
forming a substantially annular shell from a material comprising at least one of refractory metal or refractory metal alloy;
defining the shell to include a throat region, which exhibits a minimum cross-sectional area as taken substantially transverse to an intended flow path through the nozzle assembly, and a diverging region located downstream from the throat region along the intended path; and
disposing a protective layer of material to overlap an edge of the shell located upstream of the throat region wherein the protective layer is formed of a material comprising at least one of a carbon-based material and a silica-based material.
17. The method according to claim 16 , further comprising disposing a support member radially outwardly of the shell.
18. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the forming a substantially annular shell from a material comprising at least one of a refractory metal or refractory metal alloy further includes vacuum plasma spraying the at least one of a refractory metal or refractory metal alloy.
19. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the disposing a protective layer of material to overlap an edge of the shell further includes disposing a pre-preg material about a surface of the shell.
20. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the disposing a protective layer of material to overlap an edge of the shell further includes forming an aft end of the protective linear adjacent the throat region of the shell at a location upstream therefrom along the intended flow path.
21. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the forming an aft end of the protective linear adjacent the throat region of the shell at a location upstream therefrom along the intended flow path includes forming a surface of the protective liner to be substantially tangential with an adjacent surface of the shell.