Toner for electrophotography, image-forming method, image-forming apparatus and toner cartridge

1. A toner for electrophotography comprising toner particles that comprise a binder resin, a coloring agent, a release agent, and inorganic or organic particles,

wherein the inorganic or organic particles have a particle diameter of 5 to 200 nm and are present in an amount of 1 to 30% by mass,

wherein the toner has a storage modulus G′ of 5.0×10 2 to 1.0×10 5 Pa at 180° C. and an adhesive force to an aluminum substrate of not more than 50 N/m at 180° C., and

wherein a content W of the release agent is 5 to 40% by mass, and a relationship between the release agent content W and the storage modulus G′ satisfies G′≧0.875×(100−W)/W(×10 3 Pa).

2. A toner according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic particles are present in an amount of 1 to 20% by mass.

3. A toner according to claim 1 , having a volume average particle size of 4.0 to 10.0 μm.

4. A toner according to claim 1 , wherein the melting point of the release agent is 50 to 150° C.

5. An image-forming method, comprising:

charging a surface of an image-bearing body;

forming an electrostatic latent image according to image formation on the charged surface of the image-bearing body;

developing with a toner the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the image-bearing body, in order to obtain a toner image;

transferring to a surface of a recording medium the toner image formed on the surface of the image-bearing body, and

fusing the toner image transferred on the surface of the recording medium,

wherein the toner is a toner for electrophotography comprising toner particles that comprise a binder resin, a coloring agent, a release agent and inorganic or organic particles, wherein the inorganic or organic particles have a particle diameter of 5 to 200 nm and are present in an amount of 1 to 30% by mass, and wherein the toner has a storage modulus G′ of 5.0×10 2 to 1.0×10 5 Pa at 180° C. and an adhesive force to an aluminum substrate of not more than 50 N/m at 180° C. and

wherein a content W of the release agent is 5 to 40% by mass, and a relationship between the release agent content W and the storage modulus G′ satisfies G′≧0.875×(100−W)/W(×10 3 Pa).

6. A method according to claim 5 , wherein the toner comprises inorganic particles having a particle diameter of 5 to 200 nm in an amount of 1 to 20% by mass.

7. A method according to claim 5 , wherein the toner has a volume average particle size of 4.0 to 10.0 μm.

8. A method according to claim 5 , wherein the melting point of the release agent in the toner is 50 to 150° C.

9. A method according to claim 5 , wherein a heat-fusing roll is used for fusing, and the surface energy of a material on the surface of the heat-fusing roll is in the range of 0.1×10 −4 to 5.0×10 −4 J/cm 2 .

10. A toner cartridge detachable from an image-forming apparatus that comprises means for developing, the cartridge containing a toner which is provided to the means for developing,

wherein the toner is a toner for electrophotography comprising toner particles that comprise a binder resin, a coloring agent, a release agent and inorganic or organic particles, wherein the inorganic or organic particles have a particle diameter of 5 to 200 nm and are present in an amount of 1 to 30% by mass, and wherein the toner has a storage modulus G′ of5.0×10 2 to 1.0×10 5 Pa at 180° C. and an adhesive force to an aluminum substrate of not more than 50 N/m at 180° C. and

wherein a content W of the release agent is 5 to 40% by mass, and a relationship between the release agent content W and the storage modulus G′ satisfies G′≧0.875×(100−W)/W(×10 3 Pa).