Expander for expanding a tubular element
A duplex expansion apparatus for expanding a wellbore tubular to two different diameters from an initial diameter is provided. The duplex expansion apparatus includes: a first diameter expansion cone that is, in a relaxed state, of a diameter less than the internal diameter and in an expanded state of a diameter greater than the internal diameter; a second diameter expansion cone that is, in a relaxed state, of a diameter less than the internal diameter and in an expanded state of a diameter greater than the diameter of the first diameter expansion cone in the expanded state; and an assembly mandrel that is capable of transferring both the first diameter expansion cone and the second diameter expansion cone into their expanded states.
1. A duplex expansion apparatus for expanding a wellbore tubular to two different diameters from an initial internal diameter, the duplex expansion apparatus comprising:
a first diameter expansion cone that is, in a relaxed state, of a diameter less than the initial internal diameter and in an expanded state of a diameter greater than the initial internal diameter;
a second diameter expansion cone that is, in a relaxed state, of a diameter less than the initial internal diameter and in an expanded state of a diameter greater than the diameter of the first diameter expansion cone in the expanded state; and
an assembly mandrel that is capable of transferring both the first diameter expansion cone and the second diameter expansion cone into their expanded states;
wherein the first diameter expansion cone and the second diameter expansion cone each comprises:
a base having an outside diameter smaller than the initial internal diameter; and
a plurality of deformable segments extending from the base wherein each of the plastically deformable segments are deformable to an expanded internal diameter and when deformed to the expanded internal diameter together form an expansion surface having gaps between the deformed segments that are not aligned with a centerline of the tubular.
2. The duplex expansion apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an expansion die having a first diameter expansion surface and a second diameter expansion surface wherein the diameter of the first diameter is less than the diameter of the second diameter expansion surface.
3. The duplex expansion apparatus of claim 1 wherein the mandrel acts upon the first diameter expansion cone and the second diameter expansion cone by hydraulic pressure applied on at least one piston to press the first diameter expansion cone and the second diameter expansion cone over an expansion die.
4. The duplex expansion apparatus of claim 2 wherein the first diameter expansion cone and the second diameter expansion cone deform into their expanded states when pressed over the expansion die.
5. The duplex expansion apparatus of claim 1 wherein the expansion die comprises two ends, one end comprising a conical shape over which the first diameter expansion cone is pressed and a second end over which the second diameter expansion cone is pressed.
6. The duplex expansion apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a means for releasing the first diameter expansion cone from the expansion die while the second diameter expansion cone remains in the expanded state.
7. The duplex expansion apparatus of claim 1 wherein the expansion mandrel comprises a flow path through the expansion mandrel and the flow path further comprises a landing to seat a dart moving down the flow path to create a hydraulic pressure within the flow path for expansion of the duplex expansion apparatus to the expanded state.
8. The duplex expansion apparatus of claim 7 further comprising a second seal to seal the flow path upon the dart seating in the landing.
9. The duplex expansion apparatus of claim 8 wherein the second seal comprises at least one flapper valve.
10. The duplex expansion apparatus of claim 8 wherein the second seal comprises a plurality of flapper valves.
11. The duplex expansion apparatus of claim 8 wherein the second seal comprises a seating surface that, prior to the dart seating in the landing, is not exposed to flow through the flow path.
12. The duplex expansion apparatus of claim 1 wherein the deformable segments each comprise a deformable portion connecting to the base and connected to the expansion surface of the deformable segment.
13. The duplex expansion apparatus of claim 12 wherein the deformable portions are each aligned with the centreline of the tubular.
14. The duplex expansion apparatus of claim 13 wherein the collar is a cylindrically shaped metal section.
15. The duplex expansion apparatus of claim 12 wherein the expansion surface of the deformable segments form an essentially conical expansion surface.
16. The duplex expansion apparatus of claim 12 wherein the deformable portions extend outward from the centreline of the expandable mandrel.
17. The duplex expansion apparatus of claim 1 wherein the gaps are essentially formed by the outward expansion of the deformable segments.