Impact absorption structure
The present invention includes an article of manufacture with a layer with a plurality of corrugations to form an energy absorbing structure, where each corrugation has a floor and two walls connecting the floor to the base layer and the length of each corrugation is longer than the widest width of the corrugation. The present invention also includes an energy absorbing structure with a multi-layer energy absorber having a layer with a plurality of surface features and a second layer with a second plurality of surface features wherein the surface features of one layer are nested within the surface features of the other layer such that the base layers are adjacent to each other. The present invention also includes a single step method of manufacturing the energy absorbers including forming a two layer material in a single step. Further, the present invention includes a method of absorbing impact energy that involves generating heat through friction between surface features on a pair of base layers.
1. An article of manufacture, comprising:
an energy absorber comprising an extruded plastic first layer having a first plurality of corrugations separated by a hinge from a second plurality of corrugations, wherein the length of the corrugations are longer than their widest cross-sectional width.
2. The article of claim 1 , wherein individual corrugations of the first plurality are nested within individual corrugations of the second plurality after actuation of the hinge.
3. The article of claim 2 , wherein the first and second pluralities of corrugations differ from each other in at least one structural or compositional aspect.
4. The article of claim 3 , wherein the at least one structural aspect is selected from height, base width, floor width, average width, cross-sectional shape, base layer thickness, wall thickness, floor thickness and combinations thereof.
5. The article of claim 4 , wherein cross-sectional shape is selected from square waveform, positive draft, negative draft, sinusoidal waveform, open loop shape, closed loop shape and combinations thereof.
6. The article of claim 4 , wherein the differing structural aspect results in frictional energy dissipating during an impact.
7. The article of claim 6 , wherein the differing structural aspect is depth.
8. The article of claim 3 , wherein the first and second pluralities differ in composition.
9. An article of manufacture, comprising:
an energy absorber comprising an extruded plastic first layer having a first plurality of corrugations and an extruded plastic second layer having a second plurality of corrugations and wherein individual corrugations of the first plurality are nested within individual corrugations of the second plurality and wherein the first and second layers differ from each other in at least one structural or compositional aspect.
10. The article of claim 9 , wherein the at least one structural aspect is selected from height, base width, floor width, average width, cross-sectional shape, base layer thickness, wall thickness, floor thickness and combinations thereof.
11. The article of claim 10 , wherein cross-sectional shape is selected from square waveform, positive draft, negative draft, sinusoidal waveform, open loop shape, closed loop shape and combinations thereof.
12. The article of claim 10 , wherein the differing structural aspect results in frictional energy dissipating during an impact.
13. The article of claim 12 , wherein the differing structural aspect is depth.
14. The article of claim 9 , wherein the first and second layers differ in composition.
15. An energy absorbing structure, comprising:
a energy absorber comprising a first plastic layer having a first plurality of surface features and a second plastic layer with a second plurality of surface features wherein the surface features of one layer are nested within the surface features of the other layer and wherein the first and second layers differ from each other in at least one structural or compositional aspect.
16. The article of claim 15 , wherein the at least one structural aspect is selected from height, base width, floor width, average width, cross-sectional shape, base layer thickness, wall thickness, floor thickness and combinations thereof.
17. The article of claim 16 , wherein cross-sectional shape is selected from square waveform, positive draft, negative draft, sinusoidal waveform, open loop shape, closed loop shape and combinations thereof.
18. The article of claim 16 , wherein the differing structural aspect results in frictional energy dissipating during an impact.
19. The article of claim 18 , wherein the differing structural aspect is depth.
20. The article of claim 15 , wherein the first and second layers differ in composition.
21. A method of manufacturing an energy absorber, comprising:
nesting individual surface features of a first plurality of surface features on a first plastic layer into individual surface features of a second plurality of surface features on a second plastic layer, wherein the first and second layers differ from each other in at least one structural or compositional aspect.
22. The method of claim 21 , further comprising extruding a first layer comprising the first plurality of surface features.
23. The method of claim 22 , further comprising extruding a second layer comprising the second plurality of surface features.
24. The method of claim 21 , further comprising extruding a first layer comprising the first and second plurality of surface features.
25. The method of claim 24 , wherein the nesting step comprises actuating a hinge that separates the first plurality and second plurality of surface features.
26. A method of manufacturing an energy absorber, comprising:
extruding a first layer comprising a first and a second plurality of surface features, wherein the first and second plurality of surface features are separated by a hinge.
27. The method of claim 26 , further comprising nesting individual surface features of the first plurality of surface features into individual surface features of the second plurality of surface features.
28. The method of claim 27 , wherein the first and second plurality of surface features are formed with at least one differing structural or compositional aspect.