Apparatus and method for delivering water vapor to a gas
An apparatus for delivering water vapor to a gas is formed from a plurality of hollow fiber membranes each defining a passage for the flow of gas from an upstream end of the passage and enclosed by an enclosure. The hollow fiber membranes have a combined surface area in the range of about 90 square centimeters to about 110 square centimeters. The enclosure contains an air inlet positioned to direct air to the upstream end of each of the passages of the hollow fiber membranes and an air outlet positioned to direct air from the downstream end of each of the passages of the hollow fiber membranes. The enclosure preferably has a water inlet positioned to direct water toward the outer surfaces of the hollow fiber membranes and a water outlet positioned to direct water from the enclosure.
1. A method for delivering heated and humidified gas to a patient, said method comprising the steps of:
releasably connecting a fitting of a proximal end of a delivery tube to a supply unit;
releasably coupling a nasal cannula to a distal end of the delivery tube;
heating a humidification fluid in the supply unit;
heating and humidifying a breathing gas in the supply unit separately from the heating of the humidification fluid, thereby producing a heated and humidified gas in the supply unit; and
delivering the heated and humidified gas and the heated humidification fluid from the supply unit, through the delivery tube such that the heated humidification fluid heats the heated and humidified gas in the delivery tube, and to the nasal cannula for delivery to the patient.
2. A method of delivering a breathing gas to a patient, the method comprising the steps of:
coupling a delivery tube to a supply unit;
coupling a nasal cannula to the delivery tube;
heating a humidification fluid in a heater in the supply unit;
heating and humidifying the breathing gas in a humidifier in the supply unit;
delivering the heated and humidified breathing gas from the supply unit to the delivery tube such that the heated and humidified breathing gas flows in a first direction through the delivery tube;
heating the heated and humidified breathing gas with the humidification fluid in the delivery tube such that the humidification fluid flows from the heater, through the delivery tube, through the humidifier, and to the heater such that the fluid heats the heated and humidified breathing gas in the delivery tube and in the humidifier; and
delivering the heated and humidified breathing gas from the delivery tube to the nasal cannula for delivery to the patient.
3. The method according to claim 2 , further comprising the step of humidifying the breathing gas with the fluid.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein humidifying the gas with the fluid is performed after the fluid insulates the breathing gas.
5. The method according to claim 2 , further comprising flowing the fluid in a second direction, opposite the first direction, through the delivery tube.
6. A warming and humidifying system for a breathing gas comprising:
a fluid supply;
a means for heating the breathing gas with fluid from the fluid supply; and
a means for humidifying the breathing gas with the fluid after the fluid has heated the breathing gas.
7. A system for delivering heated and humidified gas to a patient, the system comprising:
a supply unit that heats a breathing gas and combines the breathing gas with water vapor to form a heated and humidified gas in the supply unit; and
a delivery tube releasably coupled to the supply unit, the delivery tube being configured to transfer heat to the heated and humidified breathing gas received from the supply unit,
wherein the breathing gas is humidified in the supply unit by fluid that has flowed through the delivery tube.
8. The system according to claim 7 , wherein the supply unit provides fluid for humidifying the breathing gas.
9. The system according to claim 7 , wherein the fluid flow through the system is configured such that the fluid heats the breathing gas prior to humidifying the breathing gas.
10. The system according to claim 7 , further comprising a nasal cannula coupled to the delivery tube.
11. The system according to claim 10 , wherein the nasal cannula is releasably coupled to the delivery tube.
12. A system for delivering humidified gas to a patient, said system comprising:
a supply including:
a water heater for heating a humidification fluid; and
a humidifier having a breathing gas flow passage and a humidification fluid flow passage, the humidifier configured to heat and humidify a breathing gas in the breathing gas flow passage with the heated humidification fluid;
a delivery tube assembly having a delivery tube with a proximal end and a distal end, said delivery tube assembly also having a fitting positioned at said proximal end of said delivery tube and releasably coupled to said supply unit, said delivery tube assembly configured to pass the heated humidification fluid from the water heater for delivery to the humidification fluid flow passage, to pass the heated and humidified gas received from the breathing gas flow passage, and to transfer heat from the heated humidification fluid to the heated and humidified gas received from said supply unit when coupled to said supply unit; and
a nasal cannula releasably coupled to the distal end of the delivery tube to receive the heated and humidified gas passed by the delivery tube assembly.
13. The system recited in claim 12 , said supply unit being configured to deliver humidified gas at a flow rate of about 1 liter per minute to about 8 liters per minute.
14. The system recited in claim 12 , said supply unit being configured to deliver humidified gas at a flow rate above about 20 liters per minute.
15. The system recited in claim 12 , further comprising a releasable coupling configured to couple said nasal cannula to said delivery tube assembly.
16. The system recited in claim 12 , said releasable coupling comprising an adapter.
17. The system recited in claim 12 , said fitting of said delivery tube assembly being configured for releasable connection to said supply unit.
18. The system recited in claim 12 , said supply unit having a gas inlet configured to receive gas.
19. The system recited in claim 18 , further comprising means for receiving gas from a source of gas and for delivering the gas to said gas inlet of said supply unit.
20. The system recited in claim 19 , said gas receiving means comprising a tube.
21. The system recited in claim 20 , said gas receiving means further comprising a fitting configured for connection to the source of gas.
22. The system recited in claim 12 , said supply unit having a liquid inlet configured to receive supplemental liquid.
23. The system recited in claim 22 , further comprising a source of supplemental liquid coupled to said liquid inlet.
24. The system recited in claim 23 , said source of supplemental liquid comprising a water supply bag.