Membrane suitable for use in an analyte sensor, analyte sensor, and associated method
A multifunctional membrane is provided. The multifunctional membrane is suitable for use in an analyte sensor. In a particular application, the multifunctional membrane may be used in connection with an amperometric biosensor, such as a transcutaneous amperometric biosensor. Some functions of the membrane are associated with properties of membrane itself, which is comprised of crosslinked polymers containing heterocyclic nitrogen groups. For example, the membrane, by virtue of its polymeric composition, may regulate the flux of an analyte to a sensor. Such regulation generally improves the kinetic performance of the sensor over a broad range of analyte concentration. Other functions of the membrane are associated with functional components, such as a superoxide-dismutating/catalase catalyst, either in the form of an enzyme or an enzyme mimic, that can be bound to the scaffold provided by the membrane. The effect of any such enzyme or enzyme mimic is to lower the concentration of a metabolite, such as superoxide and/or hydrogen peroxide, in the immediate vicinity of the sensing layer of the biosensor. Lowering the concentrations of such metabolites, which are generally deleterious to the function of the sensor, generally protects or enhances biosensor integrity and performance. The membrane is thus an important tool for use in connection with analyte sensors, amperometric sensors, biosensors, and particularly, transcutaneous biosensors. A membrane-covered sensor and a method for making same are also provided.
1. A membrane structure for use in an analyte sensor, comprising:
an analyte sensing membrane comprising at least one polymer and an analyte responsive enzyme; and
a diffusion limiting membrane comprising at least one polymer; and a catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises a superoxide-dismutase, a catalase or a mimic of superoxide-dismutase and/or catalase; and
wherein at least a portion of the diffusion limiting membrane is disposed directly on top of the analyte sensing membrane.
2. The membrane structure of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is selected from polyvinylpyridine, a derivative of polyvinylpyridine, polyvinylimidazole, a derivative of polyvinylimidazole, or any combination thereof.
3. The membrane structure of claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprises at least one functional group selected from a nitrogen group, a pyridine group, a reactive group, or any combination thereof.
4. The membrane structure of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is superoxide dismutase and/or catalase.
5. The membrane structure of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a mimic of superoxide dismutase and/or catalase.
6. The membrane structure of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a metal selected from manganese, iron, copper, zinc, or any combination thereof.
7. The membrane structure of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises manganese 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine chloride (MnTPyP).
8. The membrane structure of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises MnTPyP quaternized at least one pyridyl site.
9. The membrane structure of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises MnTPyP quarternized at at least one pyridyl site by a quaternizing moiety and a pyridyl or an amino functional group attached to at least one quaternizing moiety.
10. The membrane structure of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises manganese coordinated in a macrocyclic, penta-amine ring.
11. The membrane structure of claim 10 , wherein the catalyst further comprises a reactive amino or pyridyl group.
12. The membrane structure of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises an agent having superoxide-dismutase activity and a reactive amino or pyridyl group.
13. The membrane structure of claim 12 , wherein the agent comprises a transition metal chelate of pentaazacyclopentadecane.
14. The membrane structure of claim 12 , wherein the agent comprises a transition metal chelate of salen.
15. The membrane structure of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a bypyridine manganese complex.
16. The membrane structure of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a cyclic salen-transition-metal complex.
17. The membrane structure of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises an agent selected from a manganese porphyrin complex, an iron porphyrin complex, a manganese polyamine complex, an iron polyamine complex, a manganese salen complex, an iron salen complex, or any combination thereof.
18. The membrane structure of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a biporphyrin superoxide-dismutase/catalase mimic.
19. The membrane structure of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises manganese (III) tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin (MnTBAP).
20. The membrane structure of claim 1 , the membrane structure sufficient for transcutaneous use.
21. The membrane structure of claim 1 , the membrane structure sufficient for use in an amperometric sensor.
22. The membrane structure of claim 1 , the membrane structure sufficient for use in a glucose sensor.