Method for improving mechanical properties of PVC-wood and other natural fiber composites using PVC stabilizers
Disclosed herein is a process for improving mechanical and chemical properties of a composite of poly(vinyl chloride) and at least one natural fiber comprising adding to said composite at least one heat stabilizer selected from the group consisting of: A) alkyltin reverse esters-sulfides; B) alkyltin alkyl maleates; and C) complex mixtures of calcium and/or zinc carboxylates/acetylacetonates.
1 . A process for improving mechanical and chemical properties of a composite of poly(vinyl chloride) and at least one natural fiber comprising adding to said composite at least one heat stabilizer selected from the group consisting of:
A) alkyltin reverse esters-sulfides;
B) alkyltin alkyl maleates; and
C) complex mixtures of calcium and/or zinc carboxylates/acetylacetonates.
2 . The process of claim 1 wherein the natural fiber is wood fiber.
3 . The process of claim 2 wherein the heat stabilizer is an alkyltin reverse esters-sulfide.
4 . The process of claim 3 wherein the heat stabilizer is a complex mixture of compounds with the general formula:
wherein:
R 1 is alkyl;
R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from the group consisting of moieties of the structure:
—S—(CH 2 ) n —OCOR′
where n=1 to 10 and R′ is alkyl;
R 4 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and —S—(CH 2 ) n —OCOR′ where n=1 to 10 and R′ is alkyl or aryl, and
wherein R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are as defined above.
5 . The process of claim 2 wherein the heat stabilizer is an alkyltin alkyl maleate.
6 . The process of claim 5 wherein the heat stabilizer is a complex mixture of compounds of the general formula:
where
R 5 is alkyl;
R 6 and R 7 are independently selected from the group consisting of moieties of the structure
—OOC—CH═CH—COOR′
where R′ is an alkyl or aryl; and
R 8 is alkyl or —OOC—CH═CH—COOR′ where R′ is alkyl or aryl.
7 . The process of claim 2 wherein the heat stabilizer is complex mixtures of calcium and/or zinc carboxylates/acetylacetonates.
8 . The process of claim 7 wherein the heat stabilizer is a complex mixture of calcium and/or zinc carboxylates/acetylacetonates with the general formulas:
where Me is calcium, barium, magnesium, strontium, or zinc, and
Me(OOC—R) 2
where Me is Calcium, barium, magnesium, strontium, or zinc, and
R is alkyl or aryl.
9 . An article of manufacture comprising a composite of poly(vinyl chloride) and at least one natural fiber and at least one heat stabilizer selected from the group consisting of:
A) alkyltin reverse esters-sulfides that are a complex mixture of compounds with the general formula:
wherein:
R 1 is alkyl;
R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from the group consisting of moieties of the structure
—S—(CH 2 ) n —OCOR′
where n=1 to 10 and R′ is alkyl
R 4 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and —S—(CH 2 ) n —OCOR′ where n=1 to 10 and R′ is alkyl or aryl; and
wherein R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are as defined above;
B) alkyltin alkyl maleates that are a complex mixture of compounds of the general formula:
where
R 5 is alkyl;
R 6 and R 7 are independently selected from the group consisting of moieties of the structure
—OOC—CH═CH—COOR′
where R′ is an alkyl or aryl; and
R 8 is alkyl or —OOC—CH═CH—COOR′ where R′ is alkyl or aryl; and
C) complex mixtures of calcium and/or zinc carboxylates/acetylacetonates with the general formulas:
where Me is calcium, barium, magnesium, strontium, or zinc, and
Me(OOC—R) 2
where Me is calcium, barium, magnesium, strontium, or zinc, and
R is alkyl or aryl.
10 . The article of claim 9 wherein the natural fiber is wood fiber.
11 . (canceled)
12 . The article of claim 10 wherein the heat stabilizer is a complex mixture of compounds with the general formula:
wherein:
R 1 is alkyl of from 1 to 15 carbon atoms;
R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from the group consisting of moieties of the structure
—S—(CH 2 ) n —OCOR′
where n=1 to 10 and R′ is alkyl of from 1 to 15 carbon atoms or aryl of from 6 to 14 carbon atoms;
R 4 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl of from 1 to 15 carbon atoms and —S—(CH 2 ) n —OCOR′ where n=1 to 10 and R′ is alkyl of from 1 to 15 carbon atoms or aryl of from 6 to 14 carbon atoms; and
wherein R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are as defined above.
13 . (canceled)
14 . The article of claim 10 wherein the heat stabilizer is a complex mixture of compounds of the general formula:
where
R 5 is alkyl of from 1 to 15 carbon atoms;
R 6 and R 7 are independently selected from the group consisting of moieties of the structure
—OOC—CH═CH—COOR′
where R′ is an alkyl of from 1 to 15 carbon atoms or aryl of from 6 to 14 carbon atoms; and
R 8 is alkyl of from 1 to 15 carbon atoms or —OOC—CH═CH—COOR′ where R′ is alkyl of from 1 to 15 carbon atoms or aryl of from 6 to 14 carbon atoms.
15 . (canceled)
16 . The article of claim 10 wherein the heat stabilizer is a complex mixture of calcium and/or zinc carboxylates/acetylacetonates with the general formulas:
where Me is calcium, barium, magnesium, strontium, or zinc, and
Me(OOC—R) 2
where Me is calcium, barium, magnesium, strontium, or zinc, and
R is alkyl of from 1 to 25 carbon atoms or aryl of from 6 to 14 carbon atoms.
17 . The article of claim 12 wherein the heat stabilizer is methyltin mercaptide/sulfide.
18 . The article of claim 14 wherein the heat stabilizer is dibutyltin maleate.
19 . The article of claim 16 wherein the heat stabilizer is a Ca/Zn stabilizer based on zinc acetylacetonate.