Lidocaine analogs and methods of making and using same

1. A compound of the formula:

wherein

Z is a nucleophilic group and optionally a protecting group;

L is a linker;

R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are each independently H, a protecting group or C 1 to C 6 alkyls, provided that R 1 and R 3 may form a six membered ring with the nitrogen and carbon atom to which R 1 and R 3 are attached; and R 6 and R 7 are each independently H or C 1 to C 20 alkyls;

or a salt thereof.

2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of a tertiary amine, a secondary amine, a primary amine, —SH, and —OH.

3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Z is a tertiary amine.

4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein L is a 1 to 20 carbon skeleton having 0 to 10 heteroatoms.

5. The compound of claim 1 , wherein L is —NC(═O)—Y—

wherein Y is a 1 to 20 carbon skeleton having 0 to 10 heteroatoms.

6. The compound of claim 1 , wherein L is a straight chain.

7. The compound of claim 5 , wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of alkyls, amidos, carbonyls, ethers, and thioethers.

8. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 7 is in the para position.

9. The compound of claim 8 , wherein R 6 and R 7 are each independently H or C 1 to C 6 .

10. The compound of claim 8 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are each ethyl, and R 3 is H.

11. The compound of claim 10 , wherein R 6 and R 7 are each H.

12. The compound of the formula

or a salt thereof.

13. The compound of the formula:

or a salt thereof.

14. A composition of the formula:

wherein:

Z is a nucleophilic group and optionally a protecting group;

P is a latex polymer having at least one functional group capable of coupling with the nucleophilic group;

L is a linker;

n is an integer from 1 to about 100,000;

R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are each independently H, a protecting group or C 1 to C 6 alkyls, provided that R 1 and R 3 may form a six membered ring with the nitrogen and carbon atom to which R 1 and R 3 are attached; and

and R 6 and R 7 are each independently H or C 1 to C 20 alkyls.

15. The composition of claim 14 , wherein R 7 is in the para position.

16. The composition of claim 14 , wherein the functional group is an epoxy group.

17. The composition of claim 14 , wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of a tertiary amine, a secondary amine, a primary amine, —SH, and —OH.

18. The composition of claim 14 , wherein Z is a tertiary amine.

19. The composition of claim 14 , wherein L is a 1 to 20 carbon skeleton having 0 to 10 heteroatoms.

20. The composition of claim 14 , wherein L is —NC(═O)—Y—

wherein Y is a 1 to 20 carbon skeleton having 0 to 10 heteroatoms.

21. The composition of claim 20 , wherein L is a straight chain.

22. The composition of claim 21 , wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of alkyls, amidos, carbonyls, ethers, and thioethers.

23. The composition according to claim 14 and having the formula:

24. The composition according to claim 14 and having the formula:

25. A method for detecting the presence or amount of an analyte in a sample, the method comprising:

contacting the sample with a specific binding pair, the specific binding pair including a first specific binding member and a second specific binding member which are capable of associating with each other to form a complex, the second specific binding member also being specific for the analyte;

measuring the amount complex formed; and

determining the presence or amount of analyte based upon the measured complex, wherein the first specific binding member comprises a composition of the formula of claim 14 .

26. A method of conducting an immunoassay using the polymer-bound lidocaine analog of claim 14 , comprising the steps of:

a) preparing a solution comprising said polymer-bound lidocaine analog;

b) adding a test sample containing an unknown concentration of lidocaine to said solution;

c) adding an anti-lidocaine antibody to said solution;

d) observing a change in solution turbidity following antibody addition.

27. The method of claim 26 , further comprising the step of determining the concentration of lidocaine in the test sample by comparing the change in solution turbidity to a standard curve showing the dependence of a change in solution turbidity on the concentration of lidocaine in a standard solution, said standard solution having a known concentration of lidocaine.

28. A kit for use in performing an immunoassay comprising, in combination:

1) a composition according to claim 14 ; and

2) an antibody specific for the composition and for lidocaine or a derivative thereof.