Compositions containing fluorine substituted olefins
View Patent ↗The use to e of tetrafluoropropenes, particularly (HFO-1234) in a variety of applications, including refrigeration equipment, is disclosed. These materials are generally useful as refrigerants for heating and cooling, as blowing agents, as aerosol propellants, as solvent composition, and as fire extinguishing and suppressing agents.
1. A heat transfer composition comprising:
(a) at least one fluoroalkene of Formula II:
where
R′ is (CR 2 ) n Y,
Y is CF 3
each R is independently Cl, F, I or H
and n is 0 or 1
provided that at least one R on the terminal unsaturated carbon is H and at least one of the remaining Rs is a halogen located on the unsaturated non-terminal carbon, said compound of Formula II being present in the composition in an amount of from about 5% by weight to about 99% by weight, and wherein said heat transfer composition has a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of not greater than about 1000.
2. The heat transfer composition of claim 1 wherein n is 0.
3. The heat transfer composition of claim 1 wherein n is 1.
4. The heat transfer composition of claim 1 wherein said at least one fluoroalkene comprises HFO-1234yf.
5. The heat transfer composition of claim 4 wherein said at least one fluoroalkene further comprises at least one pentafluoropropene (HFO-1225).
6. The heat transfer composition of claim 4 wherein said at least one fluoroalkene consists essentially of HFO-1234yf.
7. The heat transfer composition of claim 1 further comprising lubricant.
8. The heat transfer composition of claim 7 , wherein said lubricant is present in the composition in an amount of from about 30 to about 50% by weight of the composition based on the total weight of said lubricant and said compound(s) of Formula II.
9. The composition of claim 7 wherein said lubricant is selected from the group consisting of polyol esters, poly alkylene glycols, polyalkylene silicon oils, mineral oils, alkyl benzenes, poy(alpha-olefins) and combinations of these.
10. The composition of claim 7 wherein said lubricant comprises at least one polyalkylene glycol.
11. The composition of claim 7 wherein said lubricant comprises polyalkylene glycol ester.
12. The composition of claim 1 further comprising a solubilizing agent.
13. The composition of claim 1 further comprising a compatibilizer.
14. The composition of claim 13 wherein said compatibilizer comprises propane.
15. The composition of claim 13 wherein said compatibilizer comprises butane.
16. The heat transfer composition of claim 1 having a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of not greater than about 150.
17. The heat transfer composition of claim 1 having a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of not greater than about 75.
18. The heat transfer composition of claim 1 having an ODP of not greater than about 0.05.
19. The heat transfer composition of claim 1 having an ODP of not greater than about 0.02.
20. The heat transfer composition of claim 1 having an ODP of not greater than about zero.
21. The heat transfer composition of claim 1 wherein said compound of Formula II is present in the composition in an amount of from about 5% by weight to about 95% by weight.
22. The heat transfer composition of claim 1 wherein said compound of Formula II is present in the composition in an amount of at least about 50% by weight.
23. The heat transfer composition of claim 1 wherein said compound of Formula II is present in the composition in an amount of at least about 70% by weight.
24. The heat transfer composition of claim 1 further comprising one or more of the following: difluoromethane (HFC-32); pentafluoroethane (HFC-125); 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-1 34); 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a); difluoroethane (HFC-152a); 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptaflu oropropane (HFC-227ea); 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa); 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa); 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc); water; and CO 2 .
25. The heat transfer composition of claim 1 further comprising a flammability suppressant.
26. The heat transfer composition of claim 25 wherein said flammability suppressant comprises CF 3 I.
27. The heat transfer composition of claim 7 wherein said lubricant comprises an alkyl benzene.
28. The heat transfer composition of claim 7 wherein said lubricant comprises an ester oil.
29. The heat transfer composition of claim 7 wherein said lubricant comprises a poly(alpha-olefin) oil.
30. The heat transfer composition of claim 7 wherein said composition has one liquid phase at at least one temperature between about −50° C. and +70° C.
31. The heat transfer composition of claim 1 further comprising lubricant and being stable when in contact with aluminum, steel and copper under the conditions of use in refrigeration and air conditioning systems.
32. The heat transfer composition of claim 1 wherein said fluoroalkene comprises HFO-1225ye.
33. The heat transfer composition of claim 1 further comprising a surfactant and a solubilizing agent.
34. The heat transfer composition of claim 7 further comprising a surfactant and a solubilizing agent.
35. A refrigerant according to the composition of claim 1 .
36. The heat transfer composition of claim 1 further comprising a compatibilizer present in the composition in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 5 percent by weight of the composition.
37. The heat transfer composition of claim 1 comprising from about 5% by weight to about 95% by weight of HFO-1234yf.
38. The heat transfer composition of claim 1 wherein said compound of Formula (II) comprises HFO-1225.
39. The heat transfer composition of claim 1 wherein said at least one fluoroalkene consists essentially of HFO-1225ye.
40. A refrigeration fluid comprising the heat transfer composition of claim 1 and further comprising a lubricant soluble in said refrigeration fluid.
41. The heat transfer composition of claim 1 wherein R is H or F.
42. The heat transfer composition of claim 1 wherein each R is H or F.
43. The heat transfer composition of claim 1 wherein n is 1 and wherein at least one of said Rs is F.
44. The heat transfer composition of claim 43 wherein each R is H or F.
45. The heat transfer composition of claim 1 having a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of not greater than about 150 and an Ozone Depleting Potential (ODP) of not greater than about 0.05.
46. The composition of claim 45 having an Ozone Depleting Potential (ODP) of not greater than about 0.02.
47. The heat transfer composition of claim 45 having a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of not greater than about 75.
48. The heat transfer composition of claim 1 wherein said compound of Formula (II) has a low level of toxicity.
49. The heat transfer composition of claim 1 comprising from about 5% by weight to about 99% by weight of HFO-1225ye.
50. The heat transfer composition of claim 1 comprising from about 5% by weight to about 95% by weight of HFO-1225ye.