Purification of biologically-produced 1,3-propanediol

1. A process of purifying biologically-produced 1,3-propanediol from the fermentation broth of a microorganism able to produce 1,3-propanediol, comprising the sequential steps of:

(a) subjecting the fermentation broth to filtration;

(b) subjecting the product of step (a) to two ion exchange purification steps comprising:

i) anionic exchange; and

ii) cationic exchange wherein ionic impurities are removed;

(c) subjecting the product of step (ii) to chemical reduction; and

(d) subjecting the product of step (c) to at least two distillation procedures comprising at least two distillation columns wherein one of said distillation columns removes molecules having a boiling point exceeding the boiling point of 1,3-propanediol and the other of said distillation columns removes molecules having a boiling point below the boiling point of 1,3-propanediol

whereby purified biologically-produced 1,3-propanediol having a concentration of total organic impurities of less than about 400, an absorbance at 275 nm of less than 0.075 and a L*a*b*, b* color value of less than about 0.15 is produced.

2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said chemical reduction is selected from the group consisting of hydrogenation and hydroboration.

3. The process of claim 2 , wherein said chemical reduction is hydrogenation.

4. The process of claim 1 , further comprising conducting an evaporation step during step (b).

5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the filtration process of step (a) comprises more than one separate filtration procedure.

6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the filtration process of step (a) comprises a first and a second filtration procedure, said first filtration procedure comprising subjecting the fermentation broth to microfiltration and said second filtration procedure comprising subjecting the fermentation broth to nanofiltration.

7. The process of claim 5 , wherein the filtration process of step (a) comprises a first, a second and a third filtration procedure: said first filtration procedure comprising subjecting the fermentation broth to microfiltration; followed by said second filtration procedure comprising subjecting the fermentation broth to ultrafiltration, and said third filtration procedure comprising subjecting the fermentation broth to nanofiltration.

8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the ion exchange process of step (b) comprises more than one separate ion exchange procedure.

9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the ion exchange process of step (b) comprises subjecting the product of step (a) to one or more series of ion exchange procedures wherein each series of procedures comprises exposing the product to a strong acid cation exchange resin followed by exposure to a weak base anion exchange resin.

10. The process of claim 8 , wherein the ion exchange process of step (b) comprises subjecting the product of step (a) to two series of ion exchange procedures wherein each series comprises exposing the product to a strong acid cation exchange resin followed by exposing the product to a weak base anion exchange resin.

11. The process of claim 10 , wherein the ion exchange process of step (b) further comprises subjecting the product of step (a) to a mixed ion exchange resin composition comprising a mixture of strong acid cation exchange resin and strong base anion exchange resin.

12. The process of claim 1 , wherein step (b) comprises subjecting the product of step (a) to two series of ion exchange procedures wherein each series comprises exposing the product to a strong acid cation exchange resin followed by exposing the product to a weak base anion exchange resin; followed by an evaporation step; followed by subjecting the product to a mixed ion exchange resin composition comprising a mixture of strong acid cation exchange resin and strong base anion exchange resin.

13. The process of purifying biologically-produced 1,3-propanediol from the fermentation broth of a microorganism able to produce 1,3-propanediol, comprising the sequential steps of:

(a) subjecting the fermentation broth to microfiltration wherein cellular biomass of the organism is removed from the fermentation broth;

(b) subjecting the product of step (a) to nanofiltration wherein molecules having a molecular weight of greater than about 200 to 400 Daltons are removed;

(c) subjecting the product of step (b) to a series of ion exchange procedures, wherein each series comprises exposing the product of step (b) to a strong acid cation exchange resin followed by a weak base anion exchange resin;

(d) subjecting the product of step (c) to a mixed ion exchange procedure by exposing the product to a resin composition comprising a strong cation exchange resin mixed with a strong base anion exchange resin;

(e) subjecting the product of step (d) to a chemical reduction procedure; and

(f) subjecting the product of step (e) to a series of distillations wherein compounds remaining in the product of step e having boiling points below that of 1,3-propanediol and above that of 1,3-propanediol are removed

whereby purified biologically-produced 1,3-propanediol having a concentration of total organic impurities of less than about 400, an absorbance at 275 nm of less than 0.075 and a L*a*b*, b* color value of less than about 0.15 is produced.

14. A process of purifying biologically-produced 1,3-propanediol from the fermentation broth of a microorganism able to produce 1,3-propanediol, comprising the sequential steps of:

(a) subjecting the fermentation broth to microfiltration wherein cellular biomass of the organism is removed from the fermentation broth;

(b) subjecting the product of step (a) to ultrafiltration wherein molecules having a molecular weight greater than about 5000 Daltons are removed;

(c) subjecting the product of step (b) to nanofiltration wherein molecules having a molecular weight greater than about 200 to 400 Daltons are removed;

(d) subjecting the product of step (c) to two series of ion exchange procedures, wherein each series comprises exposing the product of step c to a strong acid cation exchange resin followed by a weak base anion exchange resin;

(e) reducing the amount of water in the product of step (d) by evaporation;

(f) subjecting the product of step (e) to a mixed ion exchange procedure by exposing the product to a resin composition comprising a strong cation exchange resin mixed with a strong base anion exchange resin;

(g) subjecting the product of step (f) to two distillations wherein in one distillation compounds having a boiling point exceeding that of 1,3-propanediol are removed and in the other distillation compounds having a boiling point below that of 1,3-propanediol are removed;

(h) subjecting the product of step (g) to a chemical reduction reaction; and

(i) subjecting the product of step (h) to two distillations wherein in one distillation further compounds having a boiling point above that of 1,3-propanediol are removed and in the other distillation further compounds having a boiling point below that of 1,3-propanediol are removed

whereby purified biologically-produced 1,3-propanediol having a concentration of total organic impurities of less than about 400, an absorbance at 275 nm of less than 0.075 and a L*a*b*, b* color value of less than about 0.15 is produced.

15. A process of purifying biologically-produced 1,3-propanediol from the fermentation broth of a microorganism able to produce 1,3-propanediol, comprising the sequential steps of:

(a) subjecting the fermentation broth to ceramic crossflow microfiltration wherein cellular biomass of the organism is removed from the fermentation broth;

(b) subjecting the product of step (a) to ultrafiltration wherein molecules having a molecular weight greater than about 5000 Daltons are removed;

(c) subjecting the product of step (b) to nanofiltration using spiral wound polymeric membranes wherein molecules having a molecular weight greater than about 200 to 400 Daltons are removed;

(d) subjecting the product of step (c) to two series of ion exchange procedures, wherein each series comprises exposing the product of step c to a strong acid cation exchange resin followed by a weak base anion exchange resin;

(e) reducing the amount of water in the product of step (d) by evaporation;

(f) subjecting the product of step (e) to a mixed ion exchange procedure by exposing the product to a resin composition comprising a strong cation exchange resin mixed with a strong base anion exchange resin;

(g) subjecting the product of step (f) to two distillations wherein in one distillation compounds having a boiling point above that of 1,3-propanediol are removed, and in the other distillation compounds have a boiling point below that of 1,3-propanediol are removed;

(h) subjecting the product of step (g) to a hydrogenation reaction to reduce color; and

(i) subjecting the product of step (h) to two distillations wherein in one distillation compounds having a boiling point above that of 1,3-propanediol are removed and in the other distillation compounds having a boiling point below that of 1,3-propanediol are removed;

whereby purified biologically-produced 1,3-propanediol having a concentration of total organic impurities of less than about 400, an absorbance at 275 nm of less than 0.075 and a L*a*b*, b* color value of less than about 0.15 is produced.