Method for synchronizing an induction generator of an ORC plant to a grid
View Patent ↗The invention is a system and method for synchronizing an induction machine to an electrical grid. The embodiment described is an ORC power plant having a motor-generator in mechanical communication with a turbine. The motor-generator is operated with open windings (e.g., freewheeling) by driving the turbine with a variable speed pump. The rotational speed of the motor-generator is sensed. When the motor-generator is operating at a rotational speed near the steady state rotational speed that corresponds to operation of the ORC power plant, the contacts between the motor-generator windings and the grid are closed, and the motor is synchronized with the grid.
1. An ORC power generation plant, comprising:
a motor-generator configured to be switchably connected directly to, and to be disconnected from, a power grid;
a circulation path for a working fluid, comprising:
a turbine in mechanical communication with said motor-generator and having a fluid inlet and outlet;
an evaporator having a thermal input for receiving thermal energy, an input for receiving said working fluid in liquid form, and an output in fluid communication with said fluid inlet of said turbine for providing said working fluid in vapor form to said fluid inlet of said turbine;
a condenser having an input in communication with said outlet of said turbine for receiving said vapor from said fluid outlet, said condenser adapted to condense said vapor to said liquid and to deliver said liquid at a condenser outlet; and
a variable speed pump for pumping said liquid, said variable speed pump having an input for receiving said liquid from said outlet of said condenser and an outlet for conveying said liquid to said input of said evaporator, said variable speed pump having a control signal input terminal; and
a rotation speed sensor for measuring a rotation speed of said motor-generator, said rotation speed sensor providing an output signal; and
a pump speed controller for controlling a speed of said pump, said pump speed controller receiving a signal based at least in part on said output signal of said rotation speed sensor and providing a control signal to said control signal input terminal of said variable speed pump;
whereby said ORC power plant is configured to start with said motor-generator configured as a generator and disconnected from said power grid.
2. The ORC power generation plant of claim 1 , wherein said rotation speed sensor is a selected one of a magnetic pick-up and a tachometer.
3. The ORC power generation plant of claim 1 , wherein said rotation speed sensor is an analytic sensor configured to estimate said rotation speed.
4. The ORC power generation plant of claim 3 , wherein said analytic sensor is a sensor configured to measure a residual magnetic field in a winding.
5. The ORC power generation plant of claim 3 , wherein said analytic sensor is a sensor configured to measure a vibration spectrum.
6. A method of controllably starting an ORC power generation plant, said method comprising the steps of:
starting said ORC power generation plant during a time when a motor-generator of said ORC power generation plant is disconnected from a power grid, said ORC power generation plant comprising a circulation path for a working fluid, said circulation path comprising a variable speed pump and a turbine in mechanical communication with said motor-generator;
controlling an operation of said variable speed pump to drive said turbine, and thereby, said motor-generator;
measuring a rotational speed of said motor-generator; and
upon attaining a rotational speed of said motor-generator approximately equal to a steady state speed of said motor-generator when powered by said power grid directly, switchably connecting said motor-generator to said power grid directly, thereby attaining steady state operation of said ORC power generation plant.
7. The method of controllably starting an ORC power generation plant of claim 6 , wherein said step of measuring a rotational speed of said motor-generator comprises searching for a peak of a vibration spectrum from which a rotational speed is extracted.
8. The method of controllably starting an ORC power generation plant of claim 6 , wherein said step of measuring a rotational speed of said motor-generator comprises measuring residual magnetism in a rotor winding of said motor-generator.
9. The method of controllably starting an ORC power generation plant of claim 6 , wherein before said ORC generator is connected to the grid, said rotational speed is controlled using said variable speed pump.
10. The method of controllably starting an ORC power generation plant of claim 9 , wherein an increase in said pump speed increases said rotational speed.
11. The method of controllably starting an ORC power generation plant of claim 9 , wherein a decrease in said pump speed decreases said rotational speed.