Compounds and uses thereof in modulating amyloid beta

1. A compound having a structure corresponding to Formula (I):

(A)—L A —(B)—L B —(C)—L C —(D)  (I)

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and prodrugs thereof, wherein:

A is:

wherein each E is independently N, NR, C, or CR 1 , provided that two or three E's are N or NR;

R is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamido, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl;

each R 1 is hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamido, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl;

or A is:

wherein each M is independently selected from CR 1 or N, provided that two M's are N; and

B is:

wherein each G is independently CR 2 ;

each R 2 is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamido, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted amino;

C is:

wherein J is S;

the K adjacent to J is C, or CR 3 ; and the other K is N,

each R 3 is hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, with a proviso that when C is

R 3 is not —NH 2 ;

D is:

wherein each M is independently CR 5 ;

each R 5 is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted amino, or substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino;

L A is optional, and when present, is a covalent bond or a linker selected from the group consisting of —C═C—, —C≡C—, —(C(R′) 2 ) z —, —O—, —O—(CR′ 2 ) z —, —S—, —NR′—, —NH—(CR′ 2 ) z —, —N═N—, —C(O)—, —C(O)NR′—, —O—C(O)—, —O—C(O)—O—, —O—C(O)—NR′—, —NR′—C(O)—, —NR′—C(O)—O—, —NR′—C(O)—NR′—, —S—C(O)—, —S—C(O)—O—, —S—C(O)—NR′—, —S(O)—, —S(O) 2 —, —O—S(O) 2 —, —O—S(O) 2 —O—, —O—S(O) 2 —NR′—, —O—S(O)—, —O—S(O)—O—, —O—S(O)—NR′—, —O—NR′—C(O)—, —O—NR′—C(O)—O—, —O—NR′—C(O)—NR′—, —NR′—O—C(O)—, —NR′—O—C(O)—O—, —NR′—O—C(O)—NR′—, —O—NR′—C(S)—, —O—NR′—C(S)—O—, —O—NR′—C(S)—NR′—, —NR′—O—C(S)—, —NR′—O—C(S)—O—, —NR′—O—C(S)—NR′—, —O—C(S)—, —O—C(S)—O—, —O—C(S)—NR′—, —NR′—C(S)—, —NR′—C(S)—O—, —NR′—C(S)—NR′—, —S—S(O) 2 —, —S—S(O) 2 —O—, —S—S(O) 2 —NR′—, —NR′—O—S(O)—, —NR′—O—S(O)—O—, —NR′—O—S(O)—NR′—, —NR′—O—S(O) 2 —, —NR′—O—S(O) 2 —O—, —NR′—O—S(O) 2 —NR′—, —O—NR′—S(O)—, —O—NR′—S(O)—O—, —O—NR′—S(O)—NR′—, —O—NR′—S(O) 2 —O—, —O—NR′—S(O) 2 —NR′—, —O—NR′—S(O) 2 —, —O—P(O)(R′) 2 —, —S—P(O)(R′) 2 —, and —NR′—P(O)(R′) 2 —, wherein each R′ is independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, or substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, and z is 1–10;

L B is a covalent bond or a linker selected from the group consisting of —C═C—, —C≡C—, —(C(R′) 2 ) z —, —O—, —O—(CR′ 2 ) z —, —S—, —NR′—, —NH—(CR′ 2 ) z —, —N═N—, —C(O)—, —C(O)NR′—, —O—C(O)—, —O—C(O)—O—, —O—C(O)—NR′—, —NR′—C(O)—, —NR′—C(O)—O—, —NR′—C(O)—NR′—, —S—C(O)—, —S—C(O)—O—, —S—C(O)—NR′—, —S(O)—, —S(O) 2 —, —O—S(O) 2 —, —O—S(O) 2 —O—, —O—S(O) 2 —NR′—, —O—S(O)—, —O—S(O)—O—, —O—S(O)—NR′—, —O—NR′—C(O)—, —O—NR′—C(O)—O—, —O—NR′—C(O)—NR′—, —NR′—O—C(O)—, —NR′—O—C(O)—O—, —NR′—O—C(O)—NR′—, —O—NR′—C(S)—, —O—NR′—C(S)—O—, —O—NR′—C(S)—NR′—, —NR′—O—C(S)—, —NR′—O—C(S)—O—, —NR′—O—C(S)—NR′—, —O—C(S)—, —O—C(S)—O—, —O—C(S)—NR′—, —NR′—C(S)—, —NR′—C(S)—O—, —NR′—C(S)—NR′—, —S—S(O) 2 —, —S—S(O) 2 —O—, —S—S(O) 2 —NR′—, —NR′—O—S(O)—, —NR′—O—S(O)—O—, —NR′—O—S(O)—NR′—, —NR′—O—S(O) 2 —, —NR′—O—S(O) 2 —O—, —NR′—O—S(O) 2 —NR′—, —O—NR′—S(O)—, —O—NR′—S(O)—O—, —O—NR′—S(O)—NR′—, —O—NR′—S(O) 2 —O—, —O—NR′—S(O) 2 —NR′—, —O—NR′—S(O) 2 —, —O—P(O)(R′) 2 —, —S—P(O)(R′) 2 —, and —NR′—P(O)(R′) 2 —, wherein each R′ is independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, or substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, and z is 1–10;

L C is —O—, —S—, —S(O)—, —S(O) 2 —, —NR—, —C(O)—, —(C(R′) 2 ) z —, or —C(S)—;

with a proviso that when A is

L A is not —C(O)NH—, —CH 2 NH—, —CH 2 —O—, or —C(O)N(CH 3 )—; and

said compound of Formula (I) is not

2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein said compound has the structure of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and wherein D is

and d is 0–5.

3. The compound of claim 2 , wherein each R 5 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted amino, and —N(R″) 2 wherein each R″ is independently a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkyl or C 3 –C 10 cycloalkyl.

4. The compound of claim 2 , wherein D is

5. The compound of claim 4 , wherein each R 5 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkoxy, and —N(R″) 2 wherein each R″ is independently a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkyl or C 3 –C 10 cycloalkyl.

6. The compound of claim 1 , wherein said compound has the structure of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and wherein L C is —NH—.

7. The compound of claim 1 , wherein said compound has the structure of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and wherein C is

8. The compound of claim 1 , wherein said compound has the structure of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and wherein B is

and b is 0–2.

9. The compound of claim 8 , wherein B is

10. The compound of claim 9 , wherein each R 2 is independently selected from halogen or substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkyl.

11. The compound of claim 1 , wherein said compound has the structure of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and wherein A is

wherein F is CH or N.

12. The compound of claim 11 , wherein R 1 is halogen or substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkyl.

13. The compound of claim 1 , having a structure corresponding to Formula (III)or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

wherein b is 0–2 and d is 0–5.

14. The compound of claim 13 , having a structure corresponding to Formula (IV):

15. The compound of claim 14 , having a structure corresponding to Formula (V):

16. The compound of claim 15 , having a structure corresponding to Formula (VI):

17. A composition comprising a compound of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein said compound has the structure of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

18. A kit comprising a compound of claim 1 and instructions for use, wherein wherein said compound has the structure of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

19. The compound of claim 2 , wherein D is

20. The compound of claim 16 wherein E is CR 1 .

21. The compound of claim 13 , wherein D is

22. The compound of claim 21 , wherein each R 5 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkoxy, and —N(R″) 2 wherein each R″ is independently a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkyl or C 3 –C 10 cycloalkyl.

23. The compound of claim 22 , wherein D is

24. The compound of claim 23 , wherein each R 5 is independently selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkyl and substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkoxy.

25. The compound of claim 23 , wherein each R 5 is independently substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkyl.

26. The compound of claim 14 , wherein D is

27. The compound of claim 26 , wherein each R 5 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkoxy, and —N(R″) 2 wherein each R″ is independently a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkyl or C 3 –C 10 cycloalkyl.

28. The compound of claim 27 , wherein D is

29. The compound of claim 28 , wherein each R 5 is independently selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkyl and substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkoxy.

30. The compound of claim 28 , wherein each R 5 is independently substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkyl.

31. The compound of claim 15 , wherein D is

32. The compound of claim 31 , wherein each R 5 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkoxy, and —N(R″) 2 wherein each R″ is independently a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkyl or C 3 –C 10 cycloalkyl.

33. The compound of claim 32 , wherein D is

34. The compound of claim 33 , wherein each R 5 is independently selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkyl and substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkoxy.

35. The compound of claim 33 , wherein each R 5 is independently substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkyl.

36. The compound of claim 16 , wherein D is

37. The compound of claim 36 , wherein each R 5 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkoxy, and —N(R″) 2 wherein each R″ is independently a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkyl or C 3 –C 10 cycloalkyl.

38. The compound of claim 37 , wherein D is

39. The compound of claim 38 , wherein each R 5 is independently selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkyl and substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkoxy.

40. The compound of claim 38 , wherein each R 5 is independently substituted or unsubstituted C 1 –C 5 alkyl.

41. The compound of claim 16 , wherein R 1 at the 4-position of ring A is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and R 1 at the 5-position of ring A is hydrogen.

42. The compound of claim 16 , wherein R 2 is halogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, and b is 1.

43. The compound of claim 16 , wherein R 3 is hydrogen.

44. The compound of claim 1 , wherein said compound is selected from the group consisting of:

45. A composition comprising a compound of claim 13 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

46. A composition comprising a compound of claim 14 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

47. A composition comprising a compound of claim 15 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

48. A composition comprising a compound of claim 16 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.