Electrophoretic display with sub relief structure for high contrast ratio and improved shear and/or compression resistance

1. An electrophoretic display comprising

(a) a top transparent layer;

(b) a plurality of cells, said cells are filled with an electrophoretic fluid and sealed with a sealing layer formed from a sealing composition having a specific gravity lower than that of the electrophoretic fluid, and some or all of said cells have internal sub relief structures; and

(c) a bottom layer.

2. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 wherein said sub relief structures are discrete structures.

3. The electrophoretic display of claim 2 wherein said discrete structures are columns, cylinders, wedges or crosses.

4. The electrophoretic display of claim 3 wherein said sub relief structures have a diameter or width in the range of about 3 to about 50 microns.

5. The electrophoretic display of claim 4 , wherein said sub relief structures have a diameter or width in the range of about 5 to about 30 microns.

6. The electrophoretic display of claim 5 wherein said sub relief structures have a diameter or width in the range of about 8 to about 20 microns.

7. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 wherein said sub relief structures are continuous structures.

8. The electrophoretic display of claim 7 wherein said continuous structures are walls or grids.

9. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 wherein there are gaps between the top of said sub relief structures and the top transparent layer.

10. The electrophoretic display of claim 9 wherein said gap is about 3 to about 50 microns.

11. The electrophoretic display of claim 10 wherein said gap is about 5 to about 30 microns.

12. The electrophoretic display of claim 11 wherein said gap is about 10 to about 20 microns.

13. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 wherein said sub relief structures have a round, square, rectangular or oval cross-section.

14. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 wherein said display has an average of at least one sub relief structure per cell.

15. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 wherein some of said cells do not have said internal sub relief structures.

16. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 wherein the top surface of said sub relief structures is of any shape and is not larger than the bottom surface of said sub relief structures.

17. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 wherein the shortest distance between the sub relief structures and any of the walls of said cell is less than three times of the height of said cell.

18. The electrophoretic display of claim 17 wherein the shortest distance between the sub relief structures and any of the walls of said cell is less than two times of the height of said cell.

19. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 wherein the cells comprises cells of different sizes and shapes.

20. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 wherein the cells are non-spherical.

21. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 wherein the cells are formed from microcups with an opening area ranging from about 1×10 2 to about 1×10 6 μm 2 .

22. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 wherein the cells are formed from microcups with an opening area ranging from about 1×10 3 to about 1×10 5 μm 2 .

23. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 wherein the cells are formed from microcups with an opening having a circular, polygonal, hexagonal, rectangular or square shape.

24. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 wherein the cells have a depth in the range from about 5 to about 200 microns.

25. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 wherein the cells have a depth in the range from about 10 to about 100 microns.

26. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 wherein the cells have an opening to total area ratio in the range from about 0.05 to about 0.95.

27. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 wherein the cells have an opening to total area ratio in the range from about 0.4 to about 0.9.

28. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 wherein each of said top transparent layer and said bottom layer comprises an electrode plate and said display has an up/down switching mode.

29. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 wherein said top transparent layer comprises an electrode plate and said bottom layer comprises an insulator layer and said display has an in-plane switching mode.

30. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 wherein each of said top transparent layer and said bottom layer comprises an electrode plate and said display has a dual switching mode.

31. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 wherein said sub relief structures are colored.

32. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 wherein said sealing composition is a radiation curable composition.

33. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 wherein said sealing composition is a heat or moisture curable composition.

34. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 wherein said sealing composition comprises a thermoplastic elastomer.

35. The electrophoretic display of claim 34 wherein said thermoplastic elastomer is a di-block, tri-block or multi-block copolymer represented by the formulas ABA or (AB)n in which A is styrene, α-methylstyrene, ethylene, propylene or norbonene, B is butadiene, isoprene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, dimethoylsiloxane or propylene sulfide and n is≧1.

36. The electrophoretic display of claim 34 wherein said thermoplastic elastomer is selected from the group consisting of poly(styrene-b-butadiene), poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene), poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene), poly(styrene-b-ethylenefbutylene-b-styrene), poly(styrene-b-dimethylsiloxane-b-styrene), poly((α-methylstyrene-b-isoprene), poly(α-methylstyrene-b-isoprene-b-α-metbylstyrene), poly(α-methylstyrene--b-propylene sulfide-b-α-methylstyrene) and poly(α-methylstyrene-b-dimethylsiloxane-b-α-methylstyrene).

37. The electrophoretic display of claim 1 wherein said electrophoretic fluid comprises charged pigment particles of mixed colors dispersed in a dielectric solvent.