System and method for electroporating a sample

1. A system for electroporating a sample comprising:

a housing having a lower body and an upper body;

a first removable electrode having a first sample contact surface, the first removable electrode coupled to the lower body;

a second removable electrode having a second sample contact surface, the second removable electrode coupled to the upper body;

the first removable electrode and the second removable electrode positioned operable to confine a surface tension constrained sample between the first sample contact surface and the second sample contact surface; and

the first removable electrode and the second removable electrode operable to receive an electric pulse from a pulse generator.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein the upper body further comprises an arm assembly movable between:

an operational position comprising the first removable electrode and the second removable electrode positioned operable to confine a surface tension constrained sample between the first sample contact surface and the second sample contact surface; and

an access position comprising the second removable electrode positioned away from the first removable electrode.

3. The system of claim 1 further comprising a first replacement electrode operable to replace the first removable electrode and a second replacement electrode operable to replace the second removable electrode.

4. The system of claim 1 wherein the first surface comprises a substantially flat surface and the second surface comprises a substantially flat surface.

5. The system of claim 1 wherein the first sample contact surface comprises a concave surface and the second sample contact surface comprises a convex surface.

6. The system of claim 1 further comprising the first removable electrode and the second removable electrode in communication with a pulse generator.

7. The system of claim 6 further comprising a monitoring system associated with the pulse generator for monitoring at least one parameter selected from the group comprising: voltage of pulse, duration of pulse, number of pulses and waveform of pulse.

8. The system of claim 1 further comprising the first removable electrode and the second removable electrode positioned to provide a gap width between 0.01 millimeters and 10 millimeters.

9. The system of claim 1 further comprising the first sample contact surface having a surface area sized to hold a sample greater than approximately 10 microliters.

10. The system of claim 1 wherein the first surface and the second surface have a substantially circular shape having a diameter in the range of approximately two millimeters and approximately twelve millimeters.

11. The system of claim 1 wherein:

the first removable electrode comprises a lower electrode array having a plurality of lower electrodes, the first removable electrode array coupled to the lower body, each lower electrode having a sample contact surface;

the second removable electrode comprises an upper electrode array having a plurality of upper electrodes, each upper electrode having a sample contact surface;

the plurality of upper electrodes corresponding to the plurality of lower electrodes such that the lower electrode array and the upper electrode array comprise a plurality of corresponding electrode pairs; and

the second electrode array coupled to the upper body such that each corresponding electrode pair is disposed operable to confine a surface tension constrained sample between the sample contact surface of each lower electrode and the sample contact surface of each corresponding upper electrode sample contact surface.

12. The system of claim 11 wherein the upper body further comprises an arm assembly movable between:

an operational position comprising the first removable electrode and the second removable electrode positioned operable to confine a plurality of surface tension constrained samples between the plurality of corresponding electrode pairs; and

an access position comprising the second removable electrode positioned away from the first removable electrode.

13. The system of claim 1 further comprising the first removable electrode and the second removable electrode operable to conduct an electric pulse from a pulse generator sized to electroporate a sample comprising at least one element provided for electroporation.

14. The system of claim 13 wherein the at least one element comprises a nucleic acid.

15. The system of claim 13 wherein the at least one element comprises a protein.

16. The system of claim 13 wherein the at least one element comprises a biologically active agent.

17. The system of claim 13 wherein the at least one element comprises a siRNA.

18. The system of claim 13 wherein the at least one element comprises a mRNA.

19. The system of claim 1 further comprising the first removable electrode and the second removable electrode operable to conduct an electric pulse from a pulse generator sized to electroporate a cell sample.

20. The system of claim 19 wherein the cell sample comprises a primary cell sample.

21. An electrode array comprising:

an electrode base operable to conductively couple to an electroporation body;

the electrode base having a plurality of sample contact surfaces disposed thereon, the contact surfaces sized to hold an electroporation sample; and

the plurality of sample contact surfaces operable to receive an electric pulse from a pulse generator; and

the plurality of sample contact surfaces sized and disposed on the electrode base to correspond with a plurality of sample contact surfaces associated with a corresponding electrode array.

22. The electrode array of claim 21 wherein the plurality of sample contact surfaces comprise a plurality substantially flat contact surfaces.

23. The electrode array of claim 21 wherein the plurality of sample contact surfaces comprise a plurality of concave contact surfaces.

24. The electrode array of claim 21 wherein the plurality of sample contact surfaces comprise a plurality of convex contact surfaces.

25. The electrode array of claim 21 wherein the plurality of contact surfaces comprise a plurality of contact surfaces having a substantially circular shape having a diameter in a range of approximately two millimeters and approximately twelve millimeters.

26. A system for electroporating a sample comprising:

a housing having a lower body and an upper body;

a first electrode array having a plurality of lower sample contact surfaces, the first electrode array coupled to the lower body;

a second electrode array having a plurality of upper sample contact surfaces corresponding to the plurality of lower sample contact surfaces, the second electrode array coupled to the upper body;

the lower body and the upper body positioned operable to confine a surface tension constrained sample between each of the plurality of lower sample contact surfaces and each of the plurality of upper sample contact surfaces; and

the first electrode array and the second electrode array operable to receive an electric pulse from a pulse generator.

27. The system of claim 26 wherein the upper body further comprises an arm assembly movable between:

an operational position comprising the lower body and the upper body positioned operable to confine a surface tension constrained sample between each of the plurality of lower sample contact surfaces and each of the plurality of upper sample contact surfaces; and

an access position comprising the lower body positioned away from the upper body.

28. The system of claim 26 wherein the plurality of lower sample contact surfaces and the plurality of upper sample contact surfaces comprises a substantially flat surfaces.

29. The system of claim 26 wherein the plurality of lower sample contact surfaces comprise concave surfaces and the plurality of upper sample contact surfaces comprises convex surfaces.

30. The system of claim 26 further comprising the first electrode array and the second electrode array in communication with a pulse generator.

31. The system of claim 30 further comprising a monitoring system associated with the pulse generator for monitoring at least one parameter selected from the group comprising: voltage of pulse, duration of pulse, number of pulses and waveform of pulse.

32. The system of claim 26 further comprising the first removable electrode and the second removable electrode positioned to provide a gap width between 0.01 millimeters and 10 millimeters.

33. The system of claim 26 further comprising the each lower sample contact surface having a surface area sized to hold a sample between approximately 10 microliters and approximately 200 microliters.

34. The system of claim 26 further comprising each lower sample contact surface having a substantially circular shape with a diameter in the range of approximately two millimeters and approximately twelve millimeters.

35. The system of claim 26 further comprising the first electrode array and the second electrode array operable to conduct an electric pulse from a pulse generator sized to electroporate a sample.

36. The system of claim 35 wherein the sample comprises siRNA.

37. The system of claim 35 wherein the sample comprises mRNA.

38. The system of claim 26 further comprising the first electrode array and the second electrode array operable to conduct an electric pulse from a pulse generator sized to electroporate a cell sample.

39. The system of claim 38 wherein the cell sample further comprises a primary cell sample.

40. A method for electroporating a sample comprising:

positioning an upper body of an electroporation system in an access position;

depositing a sample on a sample contact surface of a first electrode disposed in the lower body of the electroporation system;

positioning the upper body in an operational position such that the sample is confined between the lower contact surface and an upper contact surface of a second electrode disposed in the upper body; and

sending an electric pulse between the lower electrode and the upper electrode.