Corrosion-inhibiting coating
View Patent ↗A corrosion-inhibiting coating, process, and system that provides a tight, adherent zinc- or zinc-alloy coating that is directly deposited onto steel or cast iron surfaces for enhanced corrosion protection. A process for applying the coating is also provided. The process includes the application of two sequential aqueous baths. The first bath contains a precursor zinc compound while the second bath contains a reducing agent to deposit the zinc directly upon the steel or cast iron.
1. A process for creating a corrosion-inhibiting electroless zinc coating comprising:
preparing a first bath comprising:
a zinc source; and
a complexing agent for the zinc, wherein said complexing agent increases the redox potential of the zinc ion from −1.25 volts, with the proviso that the first bath does not contain a reducing agent;
preparing a separate second bath comprising a reducing agent, said reducing agent having a concentration greater than or equal to 0.5 M but less than or equal to 1.0 M, with the proviso that the second bath does not contain a zinc source;
providing a steel surface;
depositing the first bath onto said steel surface; and
depositing the second bath onto the first bath on said steel surface, the second bath reacting with the first bath to form a zinc metal or zinc alloy coating, the zinc metal or zinc alloy being present as elemental species.
2. A process according to claim 1 , further comprising precleaning said steel surface, prior to depositing the first bath onto said steel surface.
3. A process according to claim 1 , further comprising masking a portion of said steel surface, prior to depositing the first bath onto said steel surface.
4. A process according to claim 1 , further comprising rinsing said steel surface, after depositing said second bath onto said steel surface.
5. A process according to claim 1 , further comprising drying said steel surface, after depositing said second bath onto said steel surface.
6. A process according to claim 1 , wherein said zinc source has a concentration greater than or equal to 1.0 M and less than or equal to the maximum solubility of the zinc source in water.
7. A process as in claim 1 , wherein said zinc source is water-soluble.
8. A process as in claim 1 , wherein said zinc source is selected from zinc chloride, zinc bromide, zinc iodide, zinc sulfate, zinc chlorate, zinc nitrate, zinc perchlorate, zinc bromate, zinc acetate, zinc fluosilicate, zinc permanganate, zinc propionate, zinc citrate, zinc butyrate, zinc formate, zinc fluoride, zinc lactate, or zinc benzoate.
9. A process as in claim 1 , wherein said zinc source has a concentration from about 2.5 M to about 5.0 M.
10. A process as in claim 1 , wherein said first bath further comprises a preparative agent.
11. A process as in claim 10 , wherein said preparative agent is a fluoride source.
12. A process as in claim 10 , wherein said fluoride source is selected from hydrofluoric acid, ammonium fluoride, lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, potassium bifluoride, zinc fluoride, aluminum fluoride, hexafluorozirconates, hexafluorotitanates, hexafluorosilicates, fluoroaluminates, floorboards, fluorophosphates, or fluoroantimonates.
13. A process as in claim 10 , wherein said preparative agent is selected from sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydriodic acid, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, boric acid, or carboxylic acid.
14. A process as in claim 10 , wherein said preparative agent has a concentration from about 0.2 M to about 0.6 M.
15. A process as in claim 1 , wherein said complexing agent is a nitrogen-containing compound.
16. A process as in claim 15 , wherein said nitrogen-containing compound is selected from an ammonium compound, substituted ammonium, ammonia, amines, aromatic amines, porphyrins, amidines, diamidines, guanidines, diguanidines, polyguanidines, biguanides, biguanidines, imidotricarbonimidic diamides, imidotetracarbonimidic diamides, dibiguanides, bis(biguanidines), polybiguanides, poly(biguanidines), imidosulfamides, diimidosulfamides, bis(imidosulfamides), bis(diimidosulfamides), poly(imidosulfamides), poly(diimidosulfamides), phosphoramidimidic triamides, bis(phosphoramidimidic triamides), poly(phosphoramidimidic triamides), phosphoramidimidic acid, phosphorodiamidimidic acid, bis(phosphoramidimidic acid), bis(phosphorodiamidimidic acid), poly(phosphoramidimidic acid), poly(phosphorodiamidimidic acid), phosphonimidic diamides, bis(phosphonimidic diamides), poly(phosphonimidic diamides), phosphonamidimidic acid, bis(phosphonamidimidic acid), poly(phosphonamidimidic acid), azo compounds, formazan compounds, azine compounds, Schiff Bases, hydrazones, or hydramides.
17. A process as in claim 1 , wherein said complexing agent is a phosphorus-containing compound.
18. A process as in claim 17 , wherein said phosphorous-containing compound is selected from phosphines, aromatic phosphines, or substituted phosphonium ions (PR 4 + ) wherein R is an alkyl, aromatic, or acyclic organic constituent of a C 1 to C 8 .
19. A process as in claim 1 , wherein a ratio of said complexing agent to said zinc source is from about 0.5:1 to about 4:1.
20. A process as in claim 1 , wherein a ratio of said complexing agent to said zinc source is from about 2:1 to about 4:1.
21. A process as in claim 1 , wherein said reducing agent has a reduction potential lower than about −0.76 volts in acidic conditions.
22. A process as in claim 1 , wherein said reducing agent has a reduction potential lower than about −1.04 volts under basic conditions.
23. A process as in claim 1 , wherein said reducing agent is selected from formate, borohydride, tetraphenylborate, hypophosphite, hydroxylamine, hydroxamates, dithionite, trivalent titanium, trivalent vanadium, or divalent chromium.
24. A process as in claim 1 , wherein said first bath further comprises an additional metal source.
25. A process as in claim 24 , wherein said additional metal source is selected from manganese, cadmium, iron, tin, copper, nickel, indium, lead, antimony, bismuth, cobalt, or silver.
26. A process as in claim 1 , wherein said first bath further comprises a thickening agent.
27. A process as in claim 26 , wherein said thickening agent is selected from starch, dextrin, gum arabic, albumin, gelatin, glue, saponin, gum mastic, gum xanthan, hydroxyalkyl celluloses, polyvinyl alcohols, polyacrylic acid and its esters, polyacrylamides, ethylene oxide polymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone, alkyl vinyl ether copolymers, colloidal suspensions of aluminum oxide or hydrated aluminum oxide, colloidal suspensions of magnesium oxide or hydroxide, or colloidal suspensions of silicon or titanium oxides.
28. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said coating comprises between about 0.1 to about 50 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of water of a thickening agent.
29. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said coating comprises between about 0.1 to about 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of water of a thickening agent.
30. A process for creating a corrosion-inhibiting electroless zinc coating comprising:
providing a steel surface precleaning said steel surface;
masking said steel surface;
rinsing said steel surface;
applying a first bath to said steel surface wherein said first bath comprises:
a zinc source,
a preparative agent, and
a complexing agent for the zinc, wherein said complexing agent increases the redox potential of the zinc ion from −1.25 volts, with the proviso that the first bath does not contain a reducing agent;
applying a separate second bath to the first bath on said steel surface wherein said second bath comprising a reducing agent, said reducing agent having a concentration greater than or equal to 0.5 M but less than or equal to 1.0 M, with the proviso that the second bath does not contain a zinc source, the second bath reacting with the first bath to form a zinc metal or zinc alloy coating, the zinc metal or zinc alloy being present as elemental species;
rinsing said steel surface; and
drying said steel surface.