Method for casting composite ingot
View Patent ↗A method and apparatus are described for the casting of a composite metal ingot having two or more separately formed layers of one or more alloys. An open ended annular mould is provided having a divider wall dividing a feed end of the mould into at least two separate feed chambers. For each pair of adjacent feed chambers, a first alloy stream is fed through one of the pair of feed chambers into the mould and a second alloy stream is fed through another of the feed chambers. A self-supporting surface is generated on the surface of the first alloy stream and the second alloy stream is contacted with the first stream. By carefully selecting conditions and positions where the alloy streams meet, a composite metal ingot is formed in which the alloy layers are mutually attached with a substantially continuous metallurgical bond.
1. A method of casting a composite metal ingot, comprising at least two layers, wherein pairs of adjacent layers consisting of a first alloy and second alloy are formed by applying the second alloy in a molten state to the surface of the first alloy while the surface of the first alloy is at a temperature between the solidus and liquidus temperatures of the first alloy, said first and second alloys being supplied from a first alloy pool and a second alloy pool, respectively, each of said alloy pools having an upper surface, and the first and second alloys being kept mutually separated prior to applying said second alloy to said surface of said first alloy by a vertical divider wall having a lower end positioned such that the upper surface of the second alloy pool is maintained at a level below the lower end of the divider wall, controlling the temperature of the divider wall to thereby control the temperature of the self-supporting surface of the first alloy at the position where the upper surface of the second alloy contacts the self-supporting surface, and wherein the upper surface of the second alloy pool is maintained no less than 2 mm below the lower end of the divider wall and no greater than 20 mm below the lower end of the divider wall.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the first and second alloys have the same composition.
3. A method according to claim 1 wherein the first and second alloys have different compositions.
4. A method according to claim 1 wherein the temperature of the second alloy when it first contacts the surface of the first alloy is greater than or equal to the liquidus temperature of the second alloy.
5. A method according to claim 1 wherein the first and second alloys are passed through a mould which has a rectangular cross-section formed between parallel lone faces and parallel short end faces and which comprises two feed chambers of differing sizes divided by divider wall and oriented parallel to the long faces of the rectangular mould so as to form a rectangular ingot with cladding on one face.
6. A method according to claim 5 wherein the first alloy is fed into the larger of the two feed chambers.
7. A method according to claim 5 wherein the second alloy is fed into the larger of the two feed chambers.
8. A method according to claim 5 wherein the divider wall has curved end portions that terminate at one of the long faces of the mould.
9. A method according to claim 5 wherein the divider wall has curved end portions that terminate at the short end faces of the mould.
10. A method according to claim 5 wherein the mould comprises three feed chambers oriented parallel to the long faces of the rectangular mould, thereby forming a central chamber and two side chambers, and wherein the central chamber is larger than either of the two side chambers so as to form a rectangular ingot with cladding on two faces.
11. A method according to claim 10 wherein the first alloy is fed to the central chamber.
12. A method according to claim 10 wherein the second alloy is fed to the central chamber.
13. A method according to claim 10 wherein a second divider wall is provided in said mould substantially parallel to the long faces of the mould with curved end portions that terminate at one of the long faces of the mould.
14. A method according to claim 10 wherein a second divider wall is provided in said mould substantially parallel to the long faces of the mould with curved end portions that terminate at the short end faces of the mould.
15. A method of casting a composite metal ingot, comprising at least two layers, wherein pairs of adjacent layers consisting of a first alloy and second alloy are formed by applying the second alloy in a molten state to the surface of the first alloy while the surface of the first alloy is at a temperature of between the solidus and liquidus temperatures of the first alloy, the first and second alloys being, prior to said applying of said second alloy to said surface of said first alloy, mutually separated by a divider wall between each of a pair of chambers for dividing a feed of said first alloy from a feed of said second alloy, and wherein the divider wall has a curvature and the curvature of the divider wall is varied during casting.
16. A method according to claim 15 wherein the divider wall is temperature controlled and serves to control the temperature of the surface of the first alloy at the position where the second alloy contacts the surface.
17. A method according to claim 16 wherein a temperature control fluid is contacted with the temperature controlled divider wall to control the heat removed or added to the first or second alloy via the divider wall.
18. A method according to claim 17 wherein the temperature control fluid flows through a closed channel and the temperature of the surface of the first alloy is controlled by measuring the exit temperature of the fluid leaving the channel.
19. A method according to claim 16 wherein said divider wall is vertical and has a lower end, and wherein said feeds of said first and second alloys are supplied respectively from a first alloy pool and a second alloy pool each having upper surfaces, and wherein the upper surface of the second alloy pool is maintained at a level below the lower end of the divider wall.
20. A method according to claim 15 wherein the first and second alloys have the same composition.
21. A method according to claim 15 wherein the first and second alloys have different compositions.
22. A method according to claim 15 wherein the temperature of the second alloy when it first contacts the surface of the first alloy is greater than or equal to the liquidus temperature of the second alloy.
23. A method according to claim 15 wherein the first and second alloys are passed through a mould which has a rectangular cross-section formed between parallel long faces and parallel short end faces and which comprises two feed chambers of differing sizes divided by said divider wall and oriented parallel to the long faces of the rectangular mould so as to form a rectangular ingot with cladding on one face.
24. A method according to claim 23 wherein the first alloy is fed into the larger of the two feed chambers.
25. A method according to claim 23 wherein the second alloy is fed into the larger of the two feed chambers.
26. A method according to claim 23 wherein the mould comprises three feed chambers oriented parallel to the long faces of the rectangular mould, thereby forming a central chamber and two side chambers, and wherein the central chamber is larger than either of the two side chambers so as to form a rectangular ingot with cladding on two faces.
27. A method according to claim 26 wherein the first alloy is fed to the central chamber.
28. A method according to claim 26 wherein the second alloy is fed to the central chamber.
29. A method of casting a composite metal ingot, comprising at least two layers, wherein pairs of adjacent layers consisting of a first alloy and second alloy are formed by applying the second alloy in a molten state to the surface of the first alloy while the surface of the first alloy is at a temperature of between the solidus and liquidus temperatures of the first alloy, the first and second alloys being, prior to said applying of said second alloy to said surface of said first alloy, mutually separated by a divider wall between each of a pair of chambers for dividing a feed of said first alloy from a feed of said second alloy, and wherein the divider wall is provided with an outward taper on the face in contact with the first alloy.
30. A method according to claim 29 wherein the taper varies along the length of the divider wall.
31. A method according to claim 29 wherein the first and second alloys have the same composition.
32. A method according to claim 29 wherein the first and second alloys have different compositions.
33. A method according to claim 29 wherein the temperature of the second alloy when it first contacts the surface of the first alloy is greater than or equal to the liquidus temperature of the second alloy.
34. A method according to claim 29 wherein the first and second alloys are passed through a mould which has a rectangular cross-section formed between parallel long faces and parallel short end faces and which comprises two feed chambers of differing sizes divided by said divider wall and oriented parallel to the long faces of the rectangular mould so as to form a rectangular ingot with cladding on one face.
35. A method according to claim 34 wherein the first alloy is fed into the larger of the two feed chambers.
36. A method according to claim 34 wherein the second alloy is fed into the larger of the two feed chambers.
37. A method according to claim 34 wherein the mould comprises three feed chambers oriented parallel to the long faces of the rectangular mould, thereby forming a central chamber and two side chambers, and wherein the central chamber is larger than either of the two side chambers so as to form a rectangular ingot with cladding on two faces.
38. A method according to claim 37 wherein the first alloy is fed to the central chamber.
39. A method according to claim 37 wherein the second alloy is fed to the central chamber.
40. A method of casting a composite metal ingot, comprising at least two layers, wherein pairs of adjacent layers consisting of a first alloy and second alloy are formed by applying the second alloy in a molten state to the surface of the first alloy while the surface of the first alloy is at a temperature between the solidus and liquidus temperatures of the first alloy, said first and second alloys being supplied from a first alloy pool and a second alloy pool, respectively, each of said alloy pools having an upper surface, and the first and second alloys being kept mutually separated prior to applying said second alloy to said surface of said first alloy by a vertical divider wall having a lower end positioned such that the upper surface of the second alloy pool is maintained at a level below the lower end of the divider wall, controlling the temperature of the divider wall to thereby control the temperature of the self-supporting surface of the first alloy at the position where the upper surface of the second alloy contacts the self-supporting surface, and wherein the position of one or more of the metal pool upper surfaces is controlled by providing a source of gas, delivering the gas by means of an open ended tube wherein the open end is position at a reference point within a chamber such that in use the open end will lie below the upper surface in that chamber, controlling the flow rate of the gas to maintain a slow flow rate of gas through the tube at a rate sufficient to keep the tube open, measuring the pressure of the gas in the tube, comparing the measured pressure to a predetermined target and adjusting the flow of metal into the chamber to maintain the upper surface at a desired position.
41. A method according to claim 40 wherein the first and second alloys have the same composition.
42. A method according to claim 40 wherein the first and second alloys have different compositions.
43. A method according to claim 40 wherein the temperature of the second alloy when it first contacts the surface of the first alloy is greater than or equal to the liquidus temperature of the second alloy.
44. A method according to claim 40 wherein the first and second alloys are passed through a mould which has a rectangular cross-section formed between parallel long faces and parallel short end faces and which comprises two feed chambers of differing sizes divided by said divider wall and oriented parallel to the long faces of the rectangular mould so as to form a rectangular ingot with cladding on one face.
45. A method according to claim 44 wherein the first alloy is fed into the larger of the two feed chambers.
46. A method according to claim 44 wherein the second alloy is fed into the larger of the two feed chambers.
47. A method according to claim 44 wherein the mould comprises three feed chambers oriented parallel to the long faces of the rectangular mould, thereby forming a central chamber and two side chambers, and wherein the central chamber is larger than either of the two side chambers so as to form a rectangular ingot with cladding on two faces.
48. A method according to claim 47 wherein the first alloy is fed to the central chamber.
49. A method according to claim 47 wherein the second alloy is fed to the central chamber.
50. A method for the casting of a metal ingot, which comprises providing an open ended annular mould having a feed end and an exit end wherein molten metal is added at the feed end and a solidified ingot is extracted from the exit end, wherein a stream of molten metal is fed to the feed end to form a pool of metal having an upper surface wherein the position of the upper surface is controlled by providing a source of gas, delivering the gas by means of an open ended tube wherein the open end is positioned at a predetermined reference point within the mould such that the open end lies below the upper surface of the metal pool, controlling the flow rate of the gas to maintain a slow flow rate of gas through the said tube at a rate sufficient to keep the tube open, measuring the pressure of the gas in the tube, comparing the measured pressure to a predetermined target and adjusting the flow of metal into the mould to maintain the surface at a desired position.