Hydrocarbon fuel additives and fuel formulations exhibiting improved combustion properties
View Patent ↗Fuel additives, fuel formulations, and processes for their preparation and use are provided. The additives improve the combustion properties of hydrocarbon fuels. The enhanced combustion indicates reductions in certain emissions.
1. A fuel additive for hydrocarbon fuels comprising:
an additive composition comprising a C12-C50 compound having from 2 to 11 double bonds and at least one cyclic end group, said end group a cyclic 5 to 8 carbon aromatic, cyclo aliphatic, saturated or unsaturated moiety, wherein the additive composition comprises at least an oxygen containing group substituted on at least one of said end groups; and
quinoline.
2. The fuel additive of claim 1 wherein the oxygen containing group is elected from the group consisting of hydroxyl groups and keto groups.
3. The fuel additive of claim 1 wherein the additive compound comprises astaxanthin.
4. The fuel additive of claim 1 wherein the additive compound comprises a mixture of astaxanthin and β-carotene.
5. The fuel additive of claim 1 wherein the quinoline is 6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl quinoline.
6. The fuel additive of claim 1 further comprising a solubilizing agent having hydrophilic-lipophilic balance.
7. The fuel additive of claim 6 wherein the solubilizing agent comprises an ethoxylated or propoxylated group containing moiety.
8. The fuel additive of claim 6 wherein said solubilizing agent is macadamia nut oil.
9. A fuel additive comprising astaxanthin and β-carotene wherein said β-carotene comprises a mixture of trans- and cis-isomers, and wherein said additive is suitable for combustion with hydrocarbon fuels.
10. The fuel additive of claim 9 further comprising an antioxidant.
11. The fuel additive of claim 10 further comprising a cetane improver.
12. The fuel additive of claim 11 wherein said cetane improver contains a nitrate group.
13. The fuel additive of claim 11 wherein the cetane improver comprises a quinoline.
14. The fuel additive of claim 11 wherein said cetane improver comprises 6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4 trimethyl quinoline.
15. The fuel additive of claim 9 further comprising a solubilizing agent.
16. The fuel additive of claim 15 wherein said solubilizing agent comprises an ethyloxated or propoxylated group containing moiety.
17. The fuel additive of claim 15 wherein said solubilizing agent comprises macadamia nut oil.