Confocal microscope

1. A confocal microscope comprising:

an independent disk unit, which includes: a rotary disk, having many confocal openings, which is located at a position conjugate with a sample surface and is rotated to scan a specimen, a rotary drive portion, which rotates the rotary disk, a holding member, which holds the rotary disk and the rotary drive portion, a drive portion, which is operable to insert the rotary disk into and to remove the rotary disk from an optical axis of the confocal microscope, and a disk replacement mechanism, via which the rotary disk is coupled with the rotary drive portion, such that the rotary disk is removable from the rotary drive portion;

an illumination optical system, which applies illumination light to a sample through the confocal openings of the rotary disk;

an image formation optical system, which focuses the light from the sample through the confocal openings of the rotary disk; and

an imaging device, which images a confocal image formed by the image formation optical system.

2. The confocal microscope according to claim 1 , wherein:

the rotary drive portion comprises a rotary shaft, to which the rotary disk is coupled via the disk replacement mechanism,

the rotary shaft has a contact surface which is located one of at the position conjugate with the sample surface and at a position a predetermined distance from the position conjugate with the sample surface,

the rotary disk has a contact surface, which comes into contact with the contact surface of the rotary shaft, and

the rotary disk is positioned by bringing the contact surface of the rotary disk into contact with the contact surface of the rotary shaft, whereby the rotary disk is determined to be located at the position conjugate with the sample surface.

3. The confocal microscope according to claim 1 , wherein the disk unit as a whole is attachable to and detachable from a microscope main body of the confocal microscope, and when the disk is detached from the microscope main body the illumination optical system and the image formation optical system remain in the microscope main body.

4. The confocal microscope according to claim 1 , wherein the disk unit as a whole is movable between a position inside the microscope main body and a position at least partially outside of the microscope main body, and the disk unit as a whole is movable with respect to the optical axis.

5. The confocal microscope according to claim 1 , wherein the disk replacement mechanism comprises a cartridge which accommodates the rotary disk and which is removably positioned in the disk unit together with the rotary disk to couple the rotary disk to the rotary drive portion.

6. The confocal microscope according to claim 1 , further comprising a disk unit switching device, which supports a plurality of said disk units, and which switches the disk units to selectively insert the respective rotary disks of the disk units into the optical axis.

7. The confocal microscope according to claim 6 , further comprising:

objective lenses;

a revolver, which switches the objective lenses; and

a control device, which controls the disk unit switching device in accordance with switching of the objective lenses by the revolver.

8. An independent disk unit for a confocal microscope, comprising:

a rotary disk, having many confocal openings, which is rotated to scan a specimen;

a rotary drive portion, which rotates the rotary disk;

a holding member, which holds the rotary disk and the rotary drive portion;

a drive portion, which is operable to insert the rotary disk into and to remove the rotary disk from an optical axis of the confocal microscope; and

a disk replacement mechanism, via which the rotary disk is coupled with the rotary drive portion, such that the rotary disk is removable from the rotary drive portion.

9. The disk unit according to claim 8 , wherein:

the rotary drive portion comprises a rotary shaft, to which the rotary disk is coupled via the disk replacement mechanism,

the rotary shaft has a contact surface which is located one of at a position conjugate with the sample surface and at a position a predetermined distance from the position conjugate with the sample surface,

the rotary disk has a contact surface, which comes into contact with the contact surface of the rotary shaft, and

the rotary disk is positioned by bringing the contact surface of the rotary disk into contact with the contact surface of the rotary shaft, whereby the rotary disk is determined to be located at the position conjugate with the sample surface.

10. The disk unit according to claim 8 , wherein the disk unit as a whole is attachable to and detachable from a microscope main body of the confocal microscope, and when the disk is detached from the microscope main body an illumination optical system and an image formation optical system remain in the microscope main body.

11. The disk unit according to claim 8 , wherein the disk unit as a whole is movable between a position inside the microscope main body and a position at least partially outside of the microscope main body, and the disk unit as a whole is movable with respect to the optical axis.

12. The disk unit according to claim 8 , wherein the disk replacement mechanism comprises a cartridge which accommodates the rotary disk and which is removably positioned in the disk unit together with the rotary disk to couple the rotary disk to the rotary drive portion.

13. A disk unit switching device for a confocal microscope, comprising:

a plurality of disk units, each of which comprises: a rotary disk, having many confocal openings, that is rotated to scan a specimen, a rotary drive portion, which rotates the rotary disk, a holding member, which holds the rotary disk and the rotary drive portion, a drive portion, which is operable to insert the rotary disk into and to remove the rotary disk from an optical axis of the confocal microscope and a disk replacement mechanism, via which the rotary disk is coupled with the rotary drive portion, such that the rotary disk is removable from the rotary drive portion; and

a switching mechanism, which switches the disk units to selectively insert the respective rotary disks of the disk units into the optical axis.