Multi-carrier communication using adaptive tone-pruning
View Patent ↗An apparatus, system, and method are described for multi-carrier communication using adaptive tone-pruning. The method may include transmitting a data-bearing signal over a plurality of tones on a communication loop within a plurality of communication loops and calculating a minimum tone cost according to a tone cost algorithm. The tone cost algorithm defines a tone cost associated with a selected tone within the plurality of tones. The tone cost of the selected tone is based on a predefined loading frequency and a signal-to-noise ration (SNR) of the selected tone. The method also may include determining a bit loading pattern for the data-bearing signal according to the minimum tone cost. This determination may occur in response to a determination that a minimum allowable transmission power is greater than a minimum required transmission power for the data-bearing signal.
1. An apparatus, comprising:
a modem configured to transmit a data-bearing signal over a plurality of tones on a communication loop within a plurality of communication loops;
a cost calculation module configured to calculate a minimum tone cost according to a tone cost algorithm, the tone cost algorithm defining a tone cost associated with a selected tone of the plurality of tones based on a predefined loading frequency and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the selected tone; and
a bit loading module configured to determine a bit loading pattern for the data-bearing signal according to the minimum tone cost in response to a determination that a minimum allowable transmission power is greater than a minimum required transmission power for the data-bearing signal.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the tone cost algorithm is as follows:
Cost
(
t
)
=
(
t
-
t
0
)
2
n
+
1
SNR
(
t
)
,
where t comprises the selected tone within the plurality of tones, t 0 comprises the predefined loading frequency, n comprises a positive number determinative of a relative weight, and SNR(t) comprises a function descriptive of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the selected tone.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , further comprising a training module configured to facilitate a training communication between the modem and a second modem to determine the signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio of the selected tone.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a power monitor module configured to determine if the minimum allowable transmission power is greater than the minimum required transmission power for the data-bearing signal.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the communication loop carries the data-bearing signal between the modem located at a remote terminal and a second modem located at an end user location; and
the predefined loading frequency comprises an upper frequency within an allowable frequency spectrum.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the predefined loading frequency comprises an uppermost frequency within the allowable frequency spectrum.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the communication loop is a short loop and the bit loading module is further configured to determine the bit loading pattern to reduce cross-talk noise on a long loop within the plurality of communication loops, the cross-talk noise caused by the data-bearing signal of the short loop on the long loop.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the bit loading module is further configured to determine the bit loading pattern to eliminate cross-talk noise in the plurality of communication loops in a near proximity to one another, wherein the communication loop comprises a first loop between a remote terminal and a first end user location, the plurality of communication loops further comprising a second loop between a central office and a second end user location.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the bit loading module is further configured to determine the bit loading pattern to create a disjoint spectrum with a second bit loading pattern of a second data-bearing signal on a second communication loop within the plurality of communication loops.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the modem comprises a digital subscriber line (DSL) modem.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the bit loading module is further configured to determine a bottom-pruning bit loading pattern and deactivate a lower frequency within an allowable frequency spectrum for the communication loop, wherein the communication loop comprises a short loop.
12. A system, comprising:
a first transmitter configured to transmit a first data-bearing signal over a first plurality of tones on a short loop within a plurality of communication loops;
a second transmitter configured to transmit a second data-bearing signal over a second plurality of tones on a long loop within the plurality of communication loops; and a first bit loading module configured to determine a first bit loading pattern for the first data-bearing signal according to a first minimum tone cost, the first minimum tone cost calculated according to a tone cost algorithm defining a tone cost associated with a selected tone of the first plurality of tones based on a predefined loading frequency and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the selected tone; and
a cost calculation module configured to calculate the first minimum tone cost, wherein the tone cost algorithm is as follows:
Cost
(
t
)
=
(
t
-
t
0
)
2
n
+
1
SNR
(
t
)
,
where t comprises the selected tone within the first plurality of tones, to comprises the predefined loading frequency, n comprises a positive number determinative of a relative weight, and SNR(t) comprises a function descriptive of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the selected tone.
13. A system, comprising:
a first transmitter configured to transmit a first data-bearing signal over a first plurality of tones on a short loop within a plurality of communication loops;
a second transmitter configured to transmit a second data-bearing signal over a second plurality of tones on a long loop within the plurality of communication loops; and a first bit loading module configured to determine a first bit loading pattern for the first data-bearing signal according to a first minimum tone cost, the first minimum tone cost calculated according to a tone cost algorithm defining a tone cost associated with a selected tone of the first plurality of tones based on a predefined loading frequency and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the selected tone; and
a power monitor module configured to determine if a minimum allowable transmission power is greater than a minimum required transmission power for the first data-bearing signal and wherein the first bit loading module is further configured to determine the first bit loading pattern in response to a determination that the minimum allowable transmission power is greater than the minimum required transmission power for the first data-bearing signal.
14. A system, comprising:
a first modem configured to transmit a first data-bearing signal over a first plurality of tones over a long loop within a plurality of communication loops, the first plurality of tones selected from an allowable plurality of tones according to a first tone cost algorithm dependent on a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a first selected tone within the first plurality of tones; and
a second modem configured to transmit a second data-bearing signal over a second plurality of tones over a short loop within the plurality of communication loops, the second plurality of tones selected from the allowable plurality of tones according to a second tone cost algorithm dependent on a predefined loading frequency and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a second selected tone within the second plurality of tones, wherein the second tone cost algorithm is as follows:
Cost
(
t
)
=
(
t
-
t
0
)
2
n
+
1
SNR
(
t
)
,
where t comprises the second selected tone, t 0 comprises the predefined loading frequency, n comprises a positive number determinative of a relative weight, and SNR(t) comprises a function descriptive of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the second selected tone.
15. A method, comprising:
transmitting a data-bearing signal over a plurality of tones on a communication loop within a plurality of communication loops;
calculating a minimum tone cost according to a tone cost algorithm, the tone cost algorithm defining a tone cost associated with a selected tone of the plurality of tones based on a predefined loading frequency and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the selected tone; and
determining a bit loading pattern for the data-bearing signal according to the minimum tone cost in response to a determination that a minimum allowable transmission power is greater than a minimum required transmission power for the data-bearing signal.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the tone cost algorithm is as follows:
Cost
(
t
)
=
(
t
-
t
0
)
2
n
+
1
SNR
(
t
)
,
where t comprises the selected tone within the plurality of tones, t 0 comprises the predefined loading frequency, n comprises a positive number determinative of a relative weight, and SNR(t) comprises a function descriptive of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the selected tone.
17. The method of claim 15 , further comprising facilitating a training communication between a modem and a second modem to determine the signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio of the selected tone.
18. The method of claim 15 , further comprising reducing cross-talk noise on a long loop within the plurality of communication loops, the cross-talk noise caused by the data-bearing signal on a short loop.
19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising eliminating the cross-talk noise on the long loop.
20. The method of claim 15 , further comprising creating a disjoint spectrum with a second bit loading pattern of a second data-bearing signal on a second communication loop within the plurality of communication loops.
21. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:
transmitting the data-bearing signal between a remote terminal (RT) modem and an end user (EU) modem;
determining a bottom-pruning bit loading pattern; and
deactivating a lower frequency within an allowable frequency spectrum.
22. A computer-readable medium storing executable computer instructions to cause a computer to perform operations, comprising:
transmit a data-bearing signal over a plurality of tones on a communication loop within a plurality of communication loops;
calculate a minimum tone cost according to a tone cost algorithm, the tone cost algorithm defining a tone cost associated with a selected tone of the plurality of tones based on a predefined loading frequency and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the selected tone; and
determine a bit loading pattern for the data-bearing signal according to the minimum tone cost in response to a determination that a minimum allowable transmission power is greater than a minimum required transmission power for the data-bearing signal.
23. The computer-readable medium of claim 22 , wherein the tone cost algorithm is as follows:
Cost
(
t
)
=
(
t
-
t
0
)
2
n
+
1
SNR
(
t
)
,
where t comprises the selected tone within the plurality of tones, t 0 comprises the predefined loading frequency, n comprises a positive number determinative of a relative weight, and SNR(t) comprises a function descriptive of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the selected tone.
24. The computer-readable medium of claim 22 , further comprising executable instructions to cause the computer to reduce cross-talk noise on a long loop within the plurality of communication loops, the cross-talk noise caused by the data-bearing signal on a short loop.
25. The computer-readable medium of claim 24 , further comprising executable instructions to cause the computer to eliminate the cross-talk noise on the long loop.
26. The computer-readable medium of claim 22 , further comprising executable instructions to cause the computer to create a disjoint spectrum with a second bit loading pattern of a second data-bearing signal on a second communication loop within the plurality of communication loops.
27. An apparatus, comprising:
means for transmitting a data-bearing signal over a plurality of tones on a communication loop within a plurality of communication loops;
means for calculating a minimum tone cost according to a tone cost algorithm, the tone cost algorithm defining a tone cost associated with a selected tone of the plurality of tones based on a predefined loading frequency and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the selected tone; and
means for determining a bit loading pattern for the data-bearing signal according to the minimum tone cost in response to a determination that a minimum allowable transmission power is greater than a minimum required transmission power for the data-bearing signal.
28. The apparatus of claim 27 , wherein the tone cost algorithm is as follows:
Cost
(
t
)
=
(
t
-
t
0
)
2
n
+
1
SNR
(
t
)
,
where t comprises the selected tone within the plurality of tones, t 0 comprises the predefined loading frequency, n comprises a positive number determinative of a relative weight, and SNR(t) comprises a function descriptive of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the selected tone.
29. The apparatus of claim 27 , further comprising means for reducing cross-talk noise on a long loop within the plurality of communication loops, the cross-talk noise caused by the data-bearing signal on a short loop.
30. The apparatus of claim 29 , further comprising means for eliminating the cross-talk noise on the long loop.
31. The apparatus of claim 27 , further comprising means for creating a disjoint spectrum with a second bit loading pattern of a second data-bearing signal on a second communication loop within the plurality of communication loops.
32. The apparatus of claim 27 , further comprising means for limiting a percentage loss of a bit rate on a second communication loop, the percentage loss defined by a loss algorithm as follows:
Loss
=
1
-
Rate
1
Rate
0
,
where Rate 0 is a bit rate of the second communication loop in the absence of a noise-producing signal on a first communication loop and Rate 1 is a bit rate of the second communication loop in the presence of a noise-producing signal on the first communication loop.
33. An apparatus, comprising:
a modem configured to transmit a data-bearing signal over a plurality of tones on a communication loop within a plurality of communication loops;
a cost calculation module configured to calculate a minimum tone cost according to a tone cost algorithm, the tone cost algorithm defining a tone cost associated with a selected tone of the plurality of tones based on a predefined loading frequency of the selected tone; and
a bit loading module configured to determine a bit loading pattern for the data-bearing signal according to the minimum tone cost, wherein the tone cost algorithm is as follows:
Cost
(
t
)
=
{
(
t
-
t
0
)
2
n
,
t
<
t
0
0
,
t
≥
t
0
,
where t comprises the selected tone within the plurality of tones, t 0 comprises the predefined loading frequency, and n comprises a positive number determinative of a relative weight.
34. The apparatus of claim 33 , wherein:
the communication loop comprises a short loop; and
the predefined loading frequency is an upper frequency, within an allowable frequency spectrum, that is higher than a transmission frequency of a second data bearing signal on a long loop within the plurality of communication loops.
35. A method, comprising:
establishing a training sequence for a multi-carrier communication system;
determining a bit loading pattern for a plurality of tones in a frequency spectrum;
determining if the bit loading pattern for the plurality of tones is limited by a minimum allowable transmission power level;
selecting a first segment of tones of the plurality of tones to load with data if a second segment of tones of the plurality of tones is limited by the minimum allowable transmission power level; and
selecting the first segment of tones to load with data based upon a predefined loading frequency and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of each tone.
36. The method of claim 35 , further comprising calculating a minimum tone cost according to a tone cost algorithm, the tone cost algorithm defining a tone cost associated with a selected tone of the plurality of tones based on the predefined loading frequency and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the selected tone.