Nitric oxide donors capable of reducing toxicity from drugs

1. A method of reducing at least one of gastrointestinal toxicity, renal toxicity or respiratory toxicity in a patient taking a non-nitroderivative drug selected from the group consisting of the following therapeutic classes: antitumoral other than cisplatin, immunodepressive, antiviral drugs, steroidal antiinflammatory agents, antibiotics, beta-adrenergic antagonists, and enalapril,

the method comprising simultaneously, successively or previously administering to the patient an organic compound containing an —ONO 2 group, or an inorganic compound containing an —NO group, wherein the organic or inorganic compound releases NO and activates cGMP synthesis when the organic or inorganic compound is incubated in vitro with vasal endothelium cells or platelets for 5 minutes at a temperature of 37° C., the nitroderivative compounds being administered orally, transdermally or parenterally,

wherein the organic compound containing an —ONO 2 group or the inorganic compound containing an —NO group is administered in an amount sufficient to reduce at least one of gastrointestinal toxicity, renal toxicity or respiratory toxicity, and the non-nitroderivative drug is not a NSAID.

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the organic compound is selected from the group consisting of: clonitrate (3-chloro-1, 2-propanediol dinitrate), erythrityltetranitrate (1, 2, 3, 4 butanetetroltetranitrate), mannitol hexanitrate, nicorandil (N-[2-(nitrooxy)ethyl]-3-pyridine-carboxamide), nitroglycerin (1, 2, 3 propanetriol trinitrate), pentaerythritoltetranitrate (2,2,-bis [(nitrooxy)-methyl]-1,3-propanedioldinitrate), pentrinitrol (2,2-bis[(nitrooxy)methyl]-1,3-propane-diolmononitrate), propatylnitrate (2-ethyl-2-[(nitrooxy)methyl]-1,3-propanedioldinitrate), and trolnitratephosphate (2,2′,2″-nitryltrisethanoltrinitrate phosphate) (salt 1:2).

3. The method according to claim 1 wherein the inorganic compound is a nitroprussiate.

4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic compound is sodium nitroprussiate (pentakis (cyano-C)nitrosylferrate(2)di-sodium).

5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the non-nitroderivative drug is selected from the group consisting of

5-fluorouracil;

cyclosporin;

acyclovir;

a steroidal anti-inflammatory drug selected from the group consisting of cortisone, dexamethasone and methylprednisolone;

an antibiotic selected from the group consisting of ciprofloxacin and gentamicine; enalapril; and

a beta-adrenergic antagonist selected from the group consisting of atenolol, metoprolol, timolol and propranolol.

6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the non-nitroderivative drug is selected from the group consisting of cyclosporin, dexamethasone and methylprednisolone.

7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein when the nitroderivative compound is administered transdermically, a patch or plaster is used.

8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the patch is based on nitroglycerine.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic or inorganic compound is administered at a dose that does not produce hypotension in the patient.

10. A pharmaceutical composition comprising:

a) a non-nitroderivative drug selected from the group consisting of the following therapeutic classes:

antitumoral other than cisplatin, immunodepressive, antiviral drugs, steroidal antiinflammatory agents, antibiotics, beta-adrenergic antagonists, and enalapril, and

b) an organic compound containing an —ONO 2 group or an inorganic compound containing an —NO group, wherein the organic or inorganic compound releases NO and activates cGMP synthesis when the organic or inorganic compound is incubated in vitro with vasal endothelial cells or platelets for 5 minutes at temperatures of 37° C.,

wherein the organic compound containing an —ONO 2 group or the inorganic compound containing an —NO group is present in an amount sufficient to reduce at least one of gastrointestinal toxicity, renal toxicity or respiratory toxicity.

11. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a non-nitroderivative drug which is cisplatin and an inorganic compound containing an —NO group, wherein the inorganic compound releases NO and activates cGMP synthesis when the inorganic compound is incubated in vitro with vasal endothelium cells or platelets for 5 minutes at a temperature of 37° C.

12. A method of reducing at least one of gastrointestinal toxicity, renal toxicity or respiratory toxicity in a patient taking a non-nitroderivative drug which is cisplatin,

the method comprising simultaneously, successively or previously administering to the patient an organic compound containing an —ONO 2 group, or an inorganic compound containing an —NO group, wherein the organic or inorganic compound releases NO and activates cGMP synthesis when the organic or inorganic compound is incubated in vitro with vasal endothelium cells or platelets for 5 minutes at a temperature of 37° C., the nitroderivative compounds being administered orally or parenterally,

wherein the organic compound containing an —ONO 2 group or the inorganic compound containing an —NO group is administered in an amount sufficient to reduce at least one of gastrointestinal toxicity, renal toxicity or respiratory toxicity.

13. A method of reducing at least one of gastrointestinal toxicity, renal toxicity or respiratory toxicity in a patient taking a non-nitroderivative drug selected from the group consisting of the following therapeutic classes: antitumoral other than cisplatin, immunodepressive, antiviral drugs, steroidal antiinflammatory agents, antibiotics, beta-adrenergic antagonists, and inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme,

the method comprising simultaneously, successively or previously administering to the patient an organic compound containing an —ONO 2 group, or an inorganic compound containing an —NO group, wherein the organic or inorganic compound releases NO and activates cGMP synthesis when the organic or inorganic compound is incubated in vitro with vasal endothelium cells or platelets for 5 minutes at a temperature of 37° C., the nitroderivative compounds being administered orally, transdermally or parenterally,

wherein the organic compound containing an —ONO 2 group or the inorganic compound containing an —NO group is administered in an amount sufficient to reduce at least one of gastrointestinal toxicity, renal toxicity or respiratory toxicity, and the non-nitroderivative drug is not a NSAID,

wherein the inorganic compound is a nitroprussiate.

14. A method of reducing at least one of gastrointestinal toxicity, renal toxicity or respiratory toxicity in a patient taking a non-nitroderivative drug selected from the group consisting of the following therapeutic classes: antitumoral other than cisplatin, immunodepressive, antiviral drugs, steroidal antiinflammatory agents, antibiotics, beta-adrenergic antagonists, and inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme,

the method comprising simultaneously, successively or previously administering to the patient an organic compound containing an —ONO 2 group, or an inorganic compound containing an —NO group, wherein the organic or inorganic compound releases NO and activates cGMP synthesis when the organic or inorganic compound is incubated in vitro with vasal endothelium cells or platelets for 5 minutes at a temperature of 37° C., the nitroderivative compounds being administered orally, transdermally or parenterally,

wherein the organic compound containing an —ONO 2 group or the inorganic compound containing an —NO group is administered in an amount sufficient to reduce at least one of gastrointestinal toxicity, renal toxicity or respiratory toxicity, and the non-nitroderivative drug is not a NSAID, and

wherein the inorganic compound is sodium nitroprussiate (pentakis (cyano-C)nitrosylferrate (2)di-sodium).

15. A method of reducing at least one of gastrointestinal toxicity, renal toxicity or respiratory toxicity in a patient taking a non-nitroderivative drug selected from the group consisting of the following therapeutic classes: immunodepressive, and steroidal antiinflammatory agents,

the method comprising simultaneously, successively or previously administering to the patient an organic compound containing an —ONO 2 group, or an inorganic compound containing an —NO group, wherein the organic or inorganic compound releases NO and activates cGMP synthesis when the organic or inorganic compound is incubated in vitro with vasal endothelium cells or platelets for 5 minutes at a temperature of 37° C., the nitroderivative compounds being administered orally, transdermally or parenterally,

wherein the organic compound containing an —ONO 2 group or the inorganic compound containing an NO group is administered in an amount sufficient to reduce at least one of gastrointestinal toxicity, renal toxicity or respiratory toxicity, and the non-nitroderivative drug is not a NSAID, and

wherein the non-nitroderivative drug is selected from the group consisting of cyclosporin, dexamethasone and methylprednisolone.

16. A method of reducing at least one of gastrointestinal toxicity, renal toxicity or respiratory toxicity in a patient taking a non-nitroderivative drug selected from the group consisting of the following therapeutic classes: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory or anti-thrombotic;

the method comprising simultaneously or successively administering to the patient an organic compound containing an —ONO 2 group, wherein the organic compound releases NO and activates cGMP synthesis when the organic compound is incubated in vitro with vasal endothelium cells or platelets for 5 minutes at a temperature of 37° C., the nitroderivative compounds being administered orally, transdermally or parenterally,

wherein the organic compound containing an —ONO 2 group is administered in an amount sufficient to reduce at least one of gastrointestinal toxicity, renal toxicity or respiratory toxicity, and

wherein the anti-thrombotic drug is aspirin.