Evaporative heat exchanger and method
View Patent ↗The heat exchange apparatus and method is provided with an indirect evaporative heat exchange section and a direct evaporative heat exchange section. An evaporative liquid is sprayed downwardly into the direct evaporative section to directly exchange heat from the evaporative liquid flowing across fill sheets. The evaporative liquid is then collected in a re-spray tray. The collected evaporative liquid is then sprayed onto an indirect evaporative heat exchange section to indirectly exchange sensible heat from a fluid stream flowing within a series of enclosed circuits comprising the indirect evaporative heat exchange section.
1. A method of exchanging heat comprising the steps of
providing a heat exchange apparatus having a direct evaporative section and an indirect evaporative section,
the direct evaporative section comprising a plurality of fill elements,
the indirect section comprising a plurality of individual circuits each conducting a fluid stream,
spraying an evaporative liquid generally downwardly across the direct evaporative section,
moving air generally countercurrent to the spray of evaporative liquid generally upwardly across the direct evaporative section such that heat is exchanged from the evaporative liquid to the air moving across the direct evaporative section,
collecting the evaporative liquid that passes through the direct evaporative section in a re-spray tray, passing the collected evaporative liquid through a plurality of re-spray branches each having a plurality of re-spray nozzles, such that the collected evaporated liquid is sprayed generally downwardly across the indirect evaporative section,
and moving air generally concurrent with the spray of evaporative liquid across the indirect evaporative section, such that heat is exchanged from the fluid stream in the individual circuits of the indirect evaporative section to the evaporative liquid and to the air moving across the indirect evaporative section.
2. The method of claim 1
further comprising the steps of
providing air inlets below the direct evaporative section on opposite outside walls of the heat exchange apparatus such that air is drawn in through the air inlets to flow generally upwardly across the direct evaporative section.
3. The method of claim 1
further comprising the steps of
providing air inlets above the indirect evaporative section on opposite outside walls of the heat exchange apparatus such that air is drawn in through the air inlets to flow generally downwardly across the indirect evaporative section.
4. The method of claim 3
further comprising the steps of
providing an air outlet duct within the heat exchange apparatus such that air flow across the indirect section is generally downwardly and crosscurrent to enter the air outlet duct from an inner side of the indirect section.
5. The method of claim 1
further comprising the steps of
collecting substantially all of the evaporative liquid that passes through the direct evaporative section in the re-spray tray, and spraying substantially all of the collected evaporative liquid across the indirect evaporative section.
6. The method of claim 1
further comprising the steps of
collecting substantially all of the evaporative liquid that passes through the indirect evaporative section in a collection sump and pumping substantially all of such collected evaporative liquid upwardly to be distributed and sprayed generally downwardly across the direct evaporative section.
7. The method of claim 1
wherein the collected evaporative liquid from the re-spray tray is sprayed from the re-spray nozzles in a generally uniform pattern across a top portion of the indirect evaporative section such that substantially all of the top portion of the indirect evaporative section receives a uniform pattern of sprayed evaporative liquid.
8. The method of claim 1 , for operation as a condenser
wherein the individual circuits of the indirect evaporative section are arranged such that the fluid in each circuit flows concurrently with the flow of evaporative liquid running generally downwardly across the indirect evaporative section.
9. The method of claim 1 , for operation as a fluid cooler,
wherein the individual circuits of the indirect evaporative section are arranged such that the fluid in each circuit flows countercurrent to the flow of evaporative liquid running generally downwardly across the indirect evaporative section.
10. The method of claim 1
wherein the re-spray tray comprises a generally flat, generally rectangular structure, the re-spray tray being inclined downwardly from an outside edge toward an inside edge such that the collected evaporative liquid enters a re-spray trough.
11. The method of claim 10
wherein each of the re-spray branches extends from the re-spray trough.
12. A heat exchange apparatus comprising
a direct evaporative section and an indirect evaporative section, the direct evaporative section positioned above the indirect evaporative section,
an air inlet generally between the direct evaporative section and the indirect evaporative section,
a fan to cause air to be drawn generally from upwardly through the direct evaporative section from the air inlet and generally downwardly through the indirect evaporative section from the air inlet,
a central duct within the heat exchange apparatus, the central duct located to receive the air drawn from the indirect evaporative section and exhaust the air upwardly, the direct evaporative section comprising a plurality of fill elements,
the indirect evaporative section comprising a plurality of individual circuits each conducting a fluid stream,
an inlet and spray arrangement for evaporative fluid positioned above the direct evaporative section such that evaporative fluid is sprayed downwardly onto the direct evaporative section,
a re-spray tray located beneath the direct evaporative section to collect substantially all the evaporative fluid that passes through the direct evaporative section,
a plurality of re-spray branches that receive the evaporative fluid from the re-spray tray, and a plurality of re-spray nozzles in each re-spray branch to spray the evaporative liquid collected from the re-spray tray downwardly onto the indirect evaporative section.
13. The heat exchange apparatus of claim 12
wherein the re-spray tray comprises a generally flat, generally rectangular structure, the tray being inclined downwardly from an outside edge toward an inside edge such that the collected evaporative liquid enters a re-spray trough.
14. The heat exchange apparatus of claim 12
wherein the re-spray branches and re-spray nozzles are arranged in a manner to provide a generally uniform pattern of sprayed evaporative liquid across a top portion of the indirect evaporative section.
15. The heat exchange apparatus of claim 12
wherein the central duct provides access to the fan and to the direct evaporative section.
16. A method of exchanging heat comprising the steps of
providing a heat exchange apparatus having a direct evaporative section and an indirect evaporative section,
the direct evaporative section comprising a plurality of fill sheets, the indirect evaporative section comprising a plurality of circuits each conducting a fluid stream,
spraying an evaporative liquid generally downwardly through the direct evaporative section,
moving air generally upwardly through the direct evaporative section,
collecting the evaporative liquid that passes through the direct evaporative section in a re-spray tray,
spraying the collected evaporative liquid through a plurality of re-spray nozzles downwardly onto the indirect evaporative section,
and moving air generally downwardly across the indirect evaporative section.
17. The method of claim 16 further including
providing an outlet duct to receive air from the indirect evaporative section and exhaust such air from the heat exchange apparatus.
18. The method of claim 17
wherein the outlet duct is adjacent the indirect evaporative section such that the air moves generally downwardly and across the indirect evaporative section.
19. The method of claim 16
further including
providing a re-spray trough to receive the collected evaporative liquid from the re-spray tray, and providing a plurality of re-spray branches extending from the re-spray trough, with the plurality of re-spray nozzles extending from the re-spray branches.
20. The method of claim 16
wherein the re-spray tray comprises a generally flat, generally rectangular structure, the re-spray tray being inclined downwardly toward re-spray trough such that the collected evaporative liquid is provided to a plurality of re-spray branches that extend from the re-spray trough.
21. The method of claim 16
wherein the spray of collected evaporative liquid from the re-spray nozzles is generally uniform across the indirect evaporative section.
22. A method of exchanging heat comprising the steps of
providing a heat exchange apparatus having a direct evaporative section and an indirect evaporative section,
the direct evaporative section comprising a plurality of fill sheets, the indirect evaporative section comprising a plurality of circuits each conducting a fluid stream,
spraying an evaporative liquid generally downwardly through the direct evaporative section,
moving air generally across the direct evaporative section,
collecting the evaporative liquid that passes through the direct evaporative section in a respray tray,
spraying the collected evaporative through a plurality of re-spray nozzles downwardly downwardly onto the indirect evaporative section,
and moving air generally downwardly and across the indirect evaporative section.
23. The method of claim 22
further providing an outlet duct adjacent the indirect evaporative section such that the air moves generally downwardly and across the indirect evaporative section.
24. The method of claim 22
further including
providing a re-spray trough to receive the collected evaporative liquid from the re-spray tray, and providing a plurality of re-spray branches extending from the re-spray trough, with the plurality of re-spray nozzles extending from the re-spray branches.
25. The method of claim 22
wherein the re-spray tray comprises a generally flat, generally rectangular structure, the re-spray tray being inclined downwardly toward a re-spray trough such that the collected evaporative liquid is provided to a plurality of re-spray branches that extend from the re-spray trough.
26. The method of claim 22
wherein the spray of collected evaporative liquid from the re-spray nozzles is generally uniform across the indirect evaporative section.