Welding single crystal articles
View Patent ↗A process is provided for crack-free welding a nickel based single crystal superalloy article containing at least 5 weight % total of Al and Ti. The process comprises: melting an article surface to be welded and a filler alloy with an energy source, preferably a laser, wherein the filler alloy is a composition of a nickel based single crystal superalloy except that the total of Al and Ti is reduced below 5 wt %; allowing the melted article surface and filler alloy to solidify to form a bead of deposit; providing a plurality of beads of adjacent deposits covering the article surface to be welded; and remelting the adjacent beads of deposits with the energy source to provide vertically oriented crystal growth in the deposits.
1. A process for crack-free welding a nickel based single crystal superalloy article containing at least 5 weight % total of Al and Ti comprising:
(a) melting an article surface to be welded and a filler alloy with an energy source, wherein the filler alloy is a composition of a nickel based single crystal superalloy except that the total of Al and Ti is reduced to below 5 weight %;
(b) allowing the melted article surface and filler alloy to solidify to form a bead of deposit;
(c) providing a plurality of beads of adjacent deposits covering the article surface to be welded; and
(d) remelting the adjacent beads of deposits with the energy source to provide vertically oriented crystal growth in the deposits.
2. Process of claim 1 wherein the energy source is a laser beam.
3. Process of claim 2 wherein laser is operated at a power density of about 10 4 to 10 5 watts/cm 2 .
4. Process of claim 3 further comprising coating the welded article surface with an aluminide coating.
5. Process of claim 4 wherein the aluminum coating is applied to a thickness of up to about 10 mils.
6. Process of claim 1 wherein the process is carried out without preheating or separately heating the article.
7. Process of claim 6 wherein the process is carried out in an inert gas atmosphere at ambient temperature.
8. Process of claim 1 wherein the filler alloy does not contain any additional melting point depressants.
9. Process of claim 3 wherein in the filler alloy the total of Al and Ti is about 1.5 to 4.5 weight %.
10. Process of claim 1 wherein the filler alloy is comprised of the same elements in approximately the same proportions as in the article except for the reduced total of Al and Ti.
11. Process of claim 5 wherein in the filler alloy the total of Al and Ti is about 1.5 to 3.0 weight %.
12. Process of claim 1 wherein the steps (a) through (d) are repeated to form an additional layer of the deposit.
13. Process of claim 1 wherein the remelting uses a laser beam which is defocused to cover a plurality of the adjacent beads of deposit.
14. Process of claim 13 wherein the energy density of the laser for remelting is at about 10 4 to 10 5 watts/cm 2 .
15. Process of claim 14 wherein the remelting penetrates at least 50% of the adjacent beads of deposits.
16. Process of claim 15 wherein the remelting is operated at a speed of about 5 to 25 IPM and a laser power of about 600 to 1400 watts.
17. Process of claim 1 wherein the laser beam melts the interface areas of the adjacent beads.
18. Process of claim 17 wherein the energy density of the laser for remelting is about 10 4 to 10 5 watts/cm 2 .
19. Process of claim 18 wherein the remelting penetrates at least 50% of the adjacent beads of deposits.
20. Process of claim 19 wherein the remelting is operated at a speed of about 5 to 25 IPM and a laser power of about 600 to 1400 watts.