Surface grafted metal oxide particles and compositions comprising the same
View Patent ↗A composition includes a metal oxide particle, which can optionally be surface treated by a silane coupling agent, and an electron acceptor surface grafted to the metal oxide particle.
1. A composition, comprising:
a metal oxide particle; and
an electron acceptor;
wherein the electron acceptor (1) contains a chelating group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl groups, amino groups, carboxylic acid groups and mixtures thereof, (2) is grafted by metal chelation to a surface of the metal oxide particle, and (3) is a hydroxyanthraquinone selected from the group consisting of alizarin, quinizarin, anthrarufin, anthraflavic acid, and purpurin.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide particle has been surface treated with a silane coupling agent.
3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein said silane coupling agent is present in an amount of from about 0.01 to about 10% by weight of the metal oxide.
4. The composition of claim 2 , wherein said silane coupling agent is a compound of the formula:
(R) n Si(X) 4-n
wherein R is a hydrocarbyl group of C 1 to about C 30 , wherein said hydrocarbyl may further contain halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur atom; X is a hydroxyl or a hydrolyzable functional group selected from a group consisting of a C 1 –C 20 alkoxy group, halogen, or hydrogen atom, and n is a integer selected from 1, 2, and 3.
5. The composition of claim 4 , wherein said R is selected from the group consisting of methacryloxypropyl, aminopropyl, aminoethylaminopropyl, phenylaminopropyl, chloropropyl, mercaptopropyl, acryloxypropyl, 3-glycidoxypropyl, trifluoropropyl, heptadecafluorodecyl, and isocyanatopropyl group.
6. The composition of claim 2 , wherein said silane coupling agent is selected from the group consisting of methyltrichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, ethyltrichlorosilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, ethyltriethoxysilane, propyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane, methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, aminoethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane, heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane, isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane, aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and aminoethylaminopropyltriethoxysilane.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, and zirconium oxide.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said electron acceptor is present in an amount of from about 0.01 to about 10% by weight of the metal oxide.
9. A polymer composition comprising:
the composition of claim 1 ; and
a polymeric binder.
10. The polymer composition of claim 9 , wherein the polymeric binder is selected from the group consisting of polyvinylbutyrals, polyvinyl alcohols, polyurethanes, polyamides, polycarbonates, polyesters, phenol resin and mixtures thereof.
11. The polymer composition of claim 9 , wherein the composition further contains a crosslinking agent selected from the group consisting of diisocyanate, and blocking diisocyanate.
12. An electrophotographic imaging member undercoat layer, comprising the composition of claim 1 .
13. An electrophotographic imaging member, comprising:
a support layer,
a charge generation layer,
a charge transport layer, and
an undercoat layer comprising the composition of claim 1 .
14. A process cartridge comprising the electrophotographic imaging member of claim 13 and at least one of a developing unit and a cleaning unit.
15. An image forming apparatus comprising at least one charging unit, at least one exposing unit, at least one developing unit, a transfer unit, a cleaning unit, and the electrophotographic imaging member of claim 13 .
16. A metal oxide composition comprising metal oxide particles that are grafted by metal chelation on a surface thereof with an aminoalkylsilane and a hydroxyanthraquinone selected from the group consisting of alizarin, quinizarin, anthrarufin, anthraflavic acid, and purpurin.
17. The metal oxide composition of claim 16 , wherein said aminoalkylsilane is selected from the group of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, aminoethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and aminoethylaminopropyltriethoxysilane.
18. The metal oxide composition of claim 16 , wherein said aminoalkylsilane is present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 10% by weight of the metal oxide and wherein said hydroxyanthraquinone is present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight of the metal oxide.