Fuel oil additives and additized fuel oils having improved cold properties
View Patent ↗The invention therefore provides an additive for improving the cold flow performance of middle distillates, comprising I) at least one paraffin dispersant which is a derivative of a fatty amine, II) at least one block copolymer of the structure (AB) n A or (AB) m , where A represents blocks which are composed of olefinically unsaturated, aromatic monomers, and B represents blocks which are composed of structural elements based on polyolefins and are capable of cocrystallizing with the paraffins precipitating out of the middle distillate in the course of cooling, and n is a number in the range from 1 to 10 and m is a number in the range from 2 to 10.
1. A middle distillate comprising the middle distillate having a blank cloud point and from 1 to 2000 ppm of an additive for improving the cold flow performance and improving paraffin dispersancy of the middle distillate for a storage temperature below said blank cloud point, said additive comprising
I) at least one paraffin dispersant which is a derivative of a fatty amine, selected from the group consisting of
Ia) the reaction products of alkenyl-spiro-bislactones with amines,
Ib) the reaction products of terpolymers based on α, β-unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydrides, α, β-unsaturated compounds and polyoxyalkylene ethers of lower unsaturated alcohols with fatty amines,
Ic) the amides and ammonium salts of aminoalkylenepolycarboxylic acids, and
Id) the reaction product of phthalic anhydride and 2 equivalents of di(hydrogenated tallow fat)amine, and
II) at least one poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene) block copolymer having a molecular weight between 3000 and 110 000 g/mol, and
III) one or more copolymer of ethylene and an olefinically unsaturated compound,
wherein a ratio of component I to component II is between 1:10 and 1:0.1 and wherein after 16 hours at said storage temperature a resulting 20% by volume bottom oil phase having a bottom cloud point has a deviation between the blank cloud point and the bottom cloud point of less than 5 degrees C.
2. A method for improving the cold flow properties and paraffin dispersancy of a middle distillate having a blank cloud point at a storage temperature below the blank cloud point, said method comprising adding to said middle distillate from 1 to 2000 ppm of an additive comprising I) at least one paraffin dispersant which is a derivative of a fatty amine, selected from the group consisting of
Ia) the reaction products of alkenyl-spiro-bislactones with amines,
Ib) the reaction products of terpolymers based on α, β-unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydrides, α, β-unsaturated compounds and polyoxyalkylene ethers of lower unsaturated alcohols with fatty amines,
Ic) the amides and ammonium salts of aminoalkylenepolycarboxylic acids, and
Id) the reaction product of phthalic anhydride and 2 equivalents of di(hydrogenated tallow fat)amine, and
II) at least one poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene) block copolymer having a molecularweight between 3000 and 110 000 g/mol, and
III) one or more copolymer of ethylene and an olefinically unsaturated compound.
wherein a ratio of component I to component II is between 1:10 and 1:0.1 to provide an additized middle distillate oil which after 16 hours at the storage temperature provides a 20% by volume bottom oil phase having a bottom cloud point and wherein a deviation between the blank cloud point and the bottom cloud point is less than 5 degrees C.
3. The middle distillate of claim 1 , in which the unsaturated compounds are vinyl esters having C 1 - to C 30 -alkyl groups.
4. The middle distillate of claim 1 , which additionally comprises one or more additives selected from the group consisting of comb polymers, alkylphenol resins, olefin copolymers, and polyoxyalkylene derivatives.
5. The middle distillate of claim 1 , wherein component Ia) is the reaction product of a dodecenyl-spiro-bislactone with a mixture of primary and secondary tallow fatty amine.
6. The middle distillate of claim 1 , wherein component Ia) is the reaction product of a dodecenyl-spiro-bislactone with a mixture of primary and secondary tallow fatty amine.
7. The middle distillate of claim 1 , wherein component Ib) is the reaction product of a terpolymer of a C 14 /C 16 -α-olefin, maleic anhydride and allyl polyglycol with 2 equivalents of secondary tallow fatty amine per mole of maleic acid anhydride.
8. The middle distillate of claim 1 , wherein component Ic) is the reaction product of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid and 4 equivalents of di(hydrogenated tallow fat)amine.
9. The middle distillate of claim 2 , in which the unsaturated compounds are vinyl esters having C 1 - to C 30 -alkyl groups.
10. The middle distillate of claim 2 , which additionally comprises one or more additives selected from the group consisting of comb polymers, alkylphenol resins, olefin copolymers, and polyoxyalkylene derivatives.
11. The middle distillate of claim 2 , wherein component Ia) is the reaction product of a dodecenyl-spiro-bislactone with a mixture of primary and secondary tallow fatty amine.
12. The middle distillate of claim 2 , wherein component Ia) is the reaction product of a dodecenyl-spiro-bislactone with a mixture of primary and secondary tallow fatty amine.
13. The middle distillate of claim 2 , wherein component Ib) is the reaction product of a terpolymer of a C 14 /C 16 -α-olefln, maleic anhydride and allyl polyglycol with 2 equivalents of secondary tallow fatty amine per mole of maleic acid anhydride.
14. The middle distillate of claim 2 , wherein component Ic) is the reaction product of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid and 4 equivalents of di(hydrogenated tallow fat)amine.