Non-interlock, preaction residential dry sprinkler fire protection system with a releasing control panel
A residential dwelling unit fire protection system for a residential dwelling unit. The fire protection system includes a pressurized liquid supply, a pressurized gas supply, a control valve coupled to the liquid and gas supplies, a network of pipes coupled to the control valve and the pressurized gas supply, a pressure sensor coupled to at least one pipe, an alarm coupled to the pressure sensor, a fire detection device, a releasing control panel, and a minimum quantity of residential fire sprinklers located adjacent each of the compartments. The control valve is normally in a closed position when unactuated to prevent liquid flow through the control valve. Each of the minimum quantity of residential fire sprinklers is coupled to the at least one pipe so that, upon at least one of a reduction in the gas pressure in the at least one pipe, the control valve is actuated by the releasing control panel based on at least one of the pressure sensor or the fire detection device to deliver liquid from the liquid supply to at least one of the residential fire sprinklers for distribution over a protection area at a predetermined density in at least one compartment. Various methods are also described.
1 . A residential dwelling unit fire protection system for a residential dwelling unit having a plurality of compartments as defined in the 2002 National Fire Protection Association Standards 13, 13D, and 13R, the fire protection system comprising:
a pressurized liquid supply;
a pressurized gas supply;
a control valve coupled to the liquid and gas supplies, the control valve being normally in a closed position when unactuated to prevent liquid flow through the control valve;
a network of pipes coupled to the control valve and the pressurized gas supply, the network of pipes including at least one pipe extending over each of the compartments, the at least one pipe being filled generally with a gas from the pressurized gas supply so that the at least one pipe is dry;
a pressure sensor coupled to the at least one pipe to sense the pressure of the gas in the at least one pipe, the pressure sensor indicating when gas pressure in the at least one pipe is below a predetermined threshold;
a fire detection device disposed proximate the residential dwelling unit to detect a fire in the dwelling unit;
a releasing control panel coupled to the pressure sensor and the fire detection device so that the releasing control panel regulates the actuation of the control valve to an open position as a function of at least one of the pressure sensor or the fire detection device;
an alarm coupled to the releasing control panel so that an alarm is provided when the control valve is actuated to an open position; and
a minimum quantity of residential fire sprinklers located adjacent each of the compartments, each of the quantity of residential fire sprinklers being coupled to the at least one pipe so that, upon at least one of a reduction in the gas pressure in the at least one pipe or a fire proximate the residential dwelling unit, the control valve is actuated by the releasing control panel to deliver liquid from the liquid supply to at least one of the residential fire sprinklers for distribution over a protection area at a predetermined density in at least one compartment.
2 . The fire protection system of claim 1 , wherein the minimum quantity of residential fire sprinklers is determined based on a hydraulic demand calculation of all residential fire sprinklers up to four residential fire sprinklers within a compartment of the residential dwelling unit for a wet pipe fire sprinkler system.
3 . The fire protection system of claim 2 , wherein the liquid is delivered to the at least one of the residential fire sprinklers within a first time period that elapses from the actuation of the at least one residential fire sprinkler of about 10 seconds.
4 . The fire protection system of claim 2 , wherein the first time period comprises about 15 seconds.
5 . The fire protection system of claim 2 , wherein the residential fire sprinkler comprises a residential pendant type fire sprinkler having a rated K-factor of at least nominally 4.
6 . The fire protection system of claim 5 , wherein the residential fire sprinkler comprises a residential sidewall sprinkler having a rated K-factor of at least nominally 4.
7 . The fire protection system of claim 6 , wherein the control valve comprises a solenoid actuated valve having an inlet and an outlet coupled respectively to the liquid supply and the network of pipes.
8 . The fire protection system of claim 7 , wherein the solenoid actuated valve comprises an solenoid actuated valve having an inlet and an outlet each with an opening of less than two inches in diameter.
9 . The fire protection system of claim 7 , wherein the releasing control panel is responsive to the signal provided by the pressure sensor to electrically energize the solenoid actuated valve and the alarm.
10 . The fire protection system of claim 9 , wherein the predetermined density comprises a density of at least 0.1 gallons per minute per square feet.
11 . The fire protection system of claim 9 , wherein the predetermined density comprises at least 0.05 gallons per minute per square feet.
12 . A method of operating a residential fire protection system in a residential dwelling unit having a plurality of compartments as defined in the 2002 National Fire Protection Association Standards 13, 13D, and 13R, the system including a pressurized liquid supply, a pressurized gas supply, a control valve coupled to the liquid and gas supplies and normally closed to prevent liquid flow through the control valve, and a network of pipes coupled to the control valve and the pressurized gas supply, the network of pipes including at least one pipe extending over each of the compartments, the at least one pipe being filled generally with a gas from the pressurized gas supply so that the at least one pipe is dry, and a minimum quantity of residential fire sprinklers based on a hydraulic demand calculation of all residential fire sprinklers up to four residential fire sprinklers within a compartment of the residential dwelling unit, the method comprising:
sensing a reduction of gas pressure in the at least one pipe or a fire proximate the residential dwelling unit;
flowing liquid from the liquid supply via the control valve through the network pipes to the at least one residential fire sprinkler for distribution over a protection area in a compartment of the residential dwelling unit; and
indicating the reduction in the gas pressure in the network of pipes to a magnitude below a threshold value or the fire proximate the dwelling unit.
13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the indicating comprises signaling the reduction in the gas pressure or the fire with an alarm device.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the flowing comprises delivering liquid to the at least one residential fire sprinkler within a time period that elapses from the actuation of the at least one fire sprinkler.
15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the time period comprises a time period of about 10 seconds or about 15 seconds.
16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the flowing comprises delivering a flow of water in gallons per minute selected from a group of flow rates consisting of 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, and 28 gallons per minute.
17 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the flowing comprises delivering a density of at least 0.1 gallons per minute per square feet.
18 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the flowing comprises delivering a density of at least 0.05 gallons per minute per square feet.
19 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the at least one type of residential fire sprinklers comprises a residential fire sprinkler selected from a group consisting of one of a pendent or flush-pendent residential fire sprinkler having a rated K-factor of 5, a sidewall residential fire sprinkler having a rated K-factor of 4, and combinations thereof.
20 . A method of designing a dry pipe residential fire protection system in a residential dwelling unit having a plurality of compartments as defined in the 2002 National Fire Protection Association Standards 13, 13D, and 13R, the method comprising:
determining a minimum quantity of residential fire sprinklers based on a hydraulic demand calculation of all residential fire sprinklers up to four residential fire sprinklers within a compartment of the residential dwelling unit;
specifying the quantity and location of residential fire sprinklers, as determined, in a residential fire sprinkler piping system filled with a gas to protect the plurality of compartments for installation accordance with NFPA 13D and 13R, the system including:
(a) a liquid supply source;
(b) a gas supply source;
(c) a control valve coupled to the liquid supply and configured in a normally closed position to prevent liquid flow through the control valve;
(d) a network of pipes coupled to the control valve and the pressurized gas supply, the network of pipes including at least one pipe extending over each of the compartments, the at least one pipe being filled generally with a gas from the pressurized gas supply so that the at least one pipe is dry;
(e) a releasing control panel to actuate the control valve to an open position that permits liquid to flow through the control valve to the network of pipes and the residential fire sprinklers; and
specifying a device to provide a signal to the releasing control panel that indicates at least one of reduction in gas pressure in the at least one pipe or a fire proximate the dwelling unit.
21 . The method of claim 20 , wherein the determining comprises:
defining a magnitude of pressure and flow rate of a fluid supply source in a wet pipe fire sprinkler system; and
selecting residential sprinklers at a rated K-factor appropriate for the pressure and flow rate of the fluid supply source in the wet pipe fire sprinkler system.
22 . The method of claim 21 , wherein specifying comprises calculating the hydraulic flow rate of the selected residential fire sprinkler from the fluid supply source to the selected residential fire sprinkler to determine whether the selected fire sprinkler, up to a maximum of two, within a compartment of the residential dwelling unit, requires the highest hydraulic flow rate.
23 . The method of claim 21 , wherein specifying comprises calculating the hydraulic flow rate of the selected residential fire sprinkler from the fluid supply source to the selected residential fire sprinkler to determine whether the selected fire sprinkler, up to a maximum of four, within a compartment of the residential dwelling unit, requires the highest hydraulic flow rate.
24 . The method of claim 21 , wherein the specifying comprises selecting residential fire sprinklers at a nominal rated K-factor selected from a group of rated K-factors consisting of 3.0, 3.9, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.7, 4.9, 5.5, and 5.6.
25 . The method of claim 24 , wherein the flow of water comprises a flow of water in gallons per minute selected from a group of flow rates consisting of 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, and 28 gallons per minute.
26 . The method of claim 21 , wherein the at least one type of residential fire sprinklers comprises a residential fire sprinkler selected from a group consisting of one of a pendent or flush-pendent residential fire sprinkler having a rated K-factor of 5, a sidewall residential fire sprinkler having a rated K-factor of 4, and combinations thereof.
27 . The method of claim 22 , wherein the calculating comprises providing a density of at least 0.1 gallons per minute per square feet.
28 . The method of claim 22 , wherein the calculating comprises providing a density of at least 0.05 gallons per minute per square feet to each of the minimum quantity of residential fire sprinklers.