Components and methods for use in electro-optic displays
A front plane laminate useful in the manufacture of electro-optic displays comprises, in order, a light-transmissive electrically-conductive layer, a layer of an electro-optic medium in electrical contact with the electrically-conductive layer, an adhesive layer and a release sheet. This front plane laminate can be prepared as a continuous web, cut to size, the release sheet removed and the laminate laminated to a backplane to form a display. Methods for providing conductive vias through the electro-optic medium and for testing the front plane laminate are also described.
1. An article of manufacture comprising, in order:
a light-transmissive electrically-conductive layer;
a layer of a solid electro-optic medium in electrical contact with the electrically-conductive layer;
an adhesive layer; and
a release sheet.
2. An article of manufacture according to claim 1 wherein the electrically-conductive layer comprises a metal oxide.
3. An article of manufacture according to claim 2 wherein the electrically-conductive layer comprises indium tin oxide.
4. An article of manufacture according to claim 1 wherein the electro-optic medium comprises a rotating bichromal member medium or an electrochromic medium.
5. An article of manufacture according to claim 1 wherein the electro-optic medium is an electrophoretic medium.
6. An article of manufacture according to claim 5 wherein the electrophoretic medium is an encapsulated electrophoretic medium.
7. An article of manufacture according to claim 5 wherein the electrophoretic medium comprises a suspending fluid and a plurality of electrically charged particles, the suspending fluid and the particles being present as a plurality of discrete droplets, the electrophoretic medium further comprising a continuous phase of polymeric material surrounding the droplets.
8. An article of manufacture according to claim 5 wherein the electrophoretic medium comprises a suspending fluid and a plurality of electrically charged particles, the suspending fluid and the particles being retained within a plurality of cavities formed in a carrier medium.
9. An article of manufacture according to claim 1 wherein the adhesive layer comprises a heat activated adhesive.
10. An article of manufacture according to claim 1 wherein the adhesive layer comprises a pressure sensitive adhesive.
11. An article of manufacture according to claim 1 having a connection area wherein the electrically-conductive layer is exposed free from the electro-optic medium and the adhesive layer.
12. An article of manufacture according to claim 11 wherein the connection area is formed by an aperture extending through the electro-optic medium and the adhesive layer so that the connection area is surrounded by the electro-optic medium and the adhesive layer.
13. An article of manufacture according to claim 11 wherein the release sheet does not extend across the connection area.
14. An article of manufacture according to claim 11 further comprising a contact pad of electrically-conductive material overlying the electrically-conductive layer in the connection area.
15. An article of manufacture according to claim 1 further comprising a conductive via in electrical contact with the electrically-conductive layer and extending therefrom through or past the layer of electro-optic medium and the adhesive layer.
16. An article of manufacture according to claim 15 wherein the end of the conductive via remote from the electrically-conductive layer is not covered by the release sheet.
17. An article of manufacture according to claim 15 wherein the conductive via is formed from a deformable material.
18. An article of manufacture according to claim 15 wherein the conductive via is formed from a material comprising conductive particles dispersed in a polymeric matrix.
19. An article of manufacture according to claim 15 further comprising a contact pad of electrically-conductive material interposed between the electrically-conductive layer and the conductive via.
20. An article of manufacture according to claim 1 wherein the release sheet is provided with a second electrically-conductive layer.
21. An article of manufacture according to claim 1 further comprising an auxiliary adhesive layer on the opposed side of the electrically-conductive layer from the electro-optic medium.
22. An article of manufacture according to claim 21 further comprising an auxiliary release sheet covering the auxiliary adhesive layer.
23. An article of manufacture according to claim 1 wherein the solid electro-optic medium has walls defining gas-filled spaces within the medium.
24. An article of manufacture according to claim 1 wherein the electro-optic medium is an encapsulated liquid crystal medium.
25. An article of manufacture comprising, in order:
a light-transmissive electrically-conductive layer;
a layer of a solid electro-optic medium in electrical contact with the electrically-conductive layer; and
an adhesive layer,
the article of manufacture having a connection area wherein the electrically-conductive layer is exposed free from the electro-optic medium and the adhesive layer.
26. An article of manufacture according to claim 25 wherein the connection area is formed by an aperture extending through the electro-optic medium and the adhesive layer so that the connection area is surrounded by the electro-optic medium and the adhesive layer.
27. An article of manufacture according to claim 25 further comprising a release sheet disposed adjacent the adhesive layer on the opposed side thereof from the layer of electro-optic medium, the release sheet not extending across the connection area.
28. An article of manufacture according to claim 27 wherein the release sheet is provided with a second electrically-conductive layer.
29. An article of manufacture according to claim 25 further comprising a contact pad of electrically-conductive material overlying the electrically-conductive layer in the connection area.
30. An article of manufacture according to claim 25 wherein the electro-optic medium is an encapsulated liquid crystal medium.
31. An article of manufacture comprising, in order:
a light-transmissive electrically-conductive layer;
a layer of a solid electro-optic medium in electrical contact with the electrically-conductive layer; and
an adhesive layer,
the article of manufacture further comprising a conductive via in electrical contact with the electrically-conductive layer and extending therefrom through or past the layer of electro-optic medium and the adhesive layer.
32. An article of manufacture according to claim 31 further comprising a release sheet disposed adjacent the adhesive layer on the opposed side thereof from the layer of electro-optic medium, the end of the conductive via remote from the electrically-conductive layer not being covered by the release sheet.
33. An article of manufacture according to claim 31 wherein the conductive via is formed from a deformable material.
34. An article of manufacture according to claim 33 wherein the conductive via is formed from a material comprising conductive particles dispersed in a polymeric matrix.
35. An article of manufacture according to claim 31 further comprising a contact pad of electrically-conductive material interposed between the electrically-conductive layer and the conductive via.
36. An article of manufacture according to claim 31 wherein the electro-optic medium is an encapsulated liquid crystal medium.
37. An electro-optic display comprising, in order:
a light-transmissive electrically-conductive layer;
a layer of a solid electro-optic medium in electrical contact with the electrically-conductive layer;
an adhesive layer; and
a backplane having at least one pixel electrode, such that application of an electrical potential between the electrically-conductive layer and the pixel electrode can change the optical state of the electro-optic medium, the backplane further comprising at least one contact pad electrically isolated from the at least one pixel electrode,
the display further comprising at least one conductive via extending from the electrically-conductive layer through or past the electro-optic medium and the adhesive layer to the or one of the contact pads.
38. An electro-optic display according to claim 31 wherein the conductive via extends through the electro-optic medium and the adhesive layer so that the conductive via is completely surrounded by the electro-optic medium and the adhesive layer.
39. An electro-optic display according to claim 37 wherein the conductive via is formed from a deformable material.
40. An electro-optic display according to claim 39 wherein the conductive via is formed from a material comprising conductive particles dispersed in a polymeric matrix.
41. An electro-optic display according to claim 37 wherein the electro-optic medium is an electrophoretic medium.
42. An electro-optic display according to claim 41 wherein the electrophoretic medium is an encapsulated electrophoretic medium.
43. An electro-optic display according to claim 41 wherein the electrophoretic medium comprises a suspending fluid and a plurality of electrically charged particles, the suspending fluid and the particles being present as a plurality of discrete droplets, the electrophoretic medium further comprising a continuous phase of polymeric material surrounding the droplets.
44. An electro-optic display according to claim 41 wherein the electrophoretic medium comprises a suspending fluid and a plurality of electrically charged particles, the suspending fluid and the particles being retained within a plurality of cavities formed in a carrier medium.
45. An electro-optic display according to claim 37 further comprising a protective and/or barrier layer disposed on the opposed side of the electrically-conductive layer from the electro-optic medium.
46. An electro-optic display according to claim 45 further comprising a layer of transparent adhesive securing the protective and/or barrier layer to the electrically-conductive layer.
47. An electro-optic display according to claim 45 further comprising a sealing material disposed around at least part of the periphery of the front assembly.
48. An electro-optic display according to claim 47 wherein the protective and/or barrier layer extends beyond the periphery of the electro-optic medium, and a sealing material is placed around at least part of the periphery of the electro-optic medium between the protective and/or baffler layer and the backplane.
49. An electro-optic display according to claim 37 wherein the solid electro-optic medium has walls defining gas-filled spaces within the medium.
50. An electro-optic display according to claim 37 wherein the electro-optic medium is an encapsulated liquid crystal medium.
51. An electro-optic display comprising:
a backplane comprising at least one pixel electrode;
a layer of a solid electro-optic medium disposed adjacent the pixel electrode;
a light-transmissive electrode disposed on the opposed side of the electro-optic medium from the backplane;
a protective and/or barrier layer disposed on the opposed side of the light-transmissive electrode from the electro-optic medium; and
a sealing material for preventing ingress of material from the environment into the electro-optic medium, the sealing material being disposed along at least part of the periphery of the layer of electro-optic medium and extending from the backplane to the protective and/or barrier layer.
52. An electro-optic display according to claim 51 wherein the sealing material has a lateral thickness, measured parallel to the plane of the backplane, which decreases from the backplane to the protective and/or barrier layer.
53. An electro-optic display according to claim 51 wherein the protective and/or barrier layer is smaller than the layer of electro-optic medium, measured parallel to the plane of the backplane, and the sealing material extends over a peripheral portion of the layer of electro-optic medium and contacts the periphery of the protective and/or barrier layer.
54. An electro-optic display according to claim 51 wherein the protective and/or barrier layer is larger than the layer of electro-optic medium, measured parallel to the plane of the backplane, and the sealing material extends between the backplane and the peripheral portion of the protective and/or barrier layer extending beyond the periphery of the layer of electro-optic medium.
55. An electro-optic display according to claim 51 wherein the electro-optic medium is an encapsulated liquid crystal medium.
56. An electro-optic display comprising:
a backplane comprising at least one pixel electrode;
a layer of a solid electro-optic medium disposed adjacent the pixel electrode;
a light-transmissive electrode disposed on the opposed side of the electro-optic medium from the backplane;
an electrode support disposed on the opposed side of the light-transmissive electrode from the electro-optic medium,
the light-transmissive electrode and electrode support being larger than the layer of electro-optic medium, measured parallel to the plane of the backplane; and
a sealing material for preventing ingress of material from the environment into the electro-optic medium, the sealing material extending between the backplane and the peripheral portion of the light-transmissive electrode extending beyond the periphery of the layer of electro-optic medium.
57. An electro-optic display according to claim 56 wherein the electro-optic medium is an encapsulated liquid crystal medium.
58. A method of testing a solid electro-optic medium, the method comprising:
providing an article of manufacture comprising, in order:
a light-transmissive electrically-conductive layer;
a layer of a solid electro-optic medium in electrical contact with the electrically-conductive layer;
an adhesive layer; and
a release sheet having a second electrically-conductive layer;
applying a potential difference between the two electrically-conductive layers, thereby forming an image on the medium; and observing the image thus formed.
59. A method of testing a solid electro-optic medium, the method comprising:
providing an article of manufacture comprising, in order:
a light-transmissive electrically-conductive layer;
a layer of a solid electro-optic medium in electrical contact with the electrically-conductive layer;
an adhesive layer; and
a release sheet;
placing a electrostatic charge on the release sheet, thereby forming an image on the medium; and
observing the image thus formed.