Preparation of multimodal polymer dispersions using polymeric stabilizer, and use thereof
View Patent ↗A description is given of a process for preparing bimodal or multimodal polymers from olefinically unsaturated monomers in an aqueous medium. The process features the introduction as initial charge of selected mixtures of polymeric stabilizers and of at least one selected ionic comonomer. In the polymerization process the monomer is metered continuously or discontinuously into the said initial charge. In this way it is possible by means of simple process measures to prepare bimodal or multimodal dispersions.
1. A process for preparing aqueous polymer dispersions having an at least bimodal particle size distribution by emulsion-polymerizing at least two ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol, comprising
a) initially introducing from 0.1 to 12% by weight, based on the total weight of all the monomers used to prepare the polymer dispersion, of a molecularly or dispersely water-soluble polymer, whose molecular weight is at least 1.5 times the molecular weight of the polymer of component b),
b) initially introducing from 0.1 to 12% by weight, based on the total weight of all the monomers used to prepare the polymer dispersion, of a further molecularly or dispersely water-soluble polymer, having a molecular weight of at least 10,000 g/mol,
c) initially introducing from 0.01 to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of all the monomers used to prepare the polymer dispersion, of at least one ionic comonomer, which is an α,β-monoethylenically unsaturated compound containing at least one group derived from a weak acid, and
d) adding at least one ethylenically unsaturated, free-radically polymerizable monomer and an initiator of free-radical emulsion polymerization to the mixture comprising components a), b) and c);
with the proviso that seed lattices are not employed in said process.
2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said molecularly or dispersely water-soluble polymers used in steps a) and b) are selected from the group consisting of cellulose ethers, polyethylene oxides, modified starches, polyvinyl alcohols, modified polyvinyl alcohols and mixtures thereof.
3. The process as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the molecularly or dispersely water-soluble polymer used in step a) and step b) is in each case a polyvinyl alcohol, a main-chain-modified or side-chain-modified polyvinyl alcohol, or a combination thereof.
4. The process as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the polyvinyl alcohol used in step b) in a 4% strength aqueous solution has a Höppler viscosity of at least 3.5 mPa*s, and the polyvinyl alcohol used in step a) in a 4% strength aqueous solution has a Höppler viscosity of at least 7.5 mPa*s and the molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol used in step a) is at least 1.5 times the molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol used in step b).
5. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the molecularly or dispersely water-soluble polymer of step a) possesses a molecular weight of more than 50,000 g/mol and wherein the molecularly or dispersely water-soluble polymer of step b) possesses a molecular weight of less than 50,000 g/mol.
6. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers used in steps a) and b) are polyvinyl alcohols each possessing a molar degree of hydrolysis of at least 80%.
7. The process as claimed in claim 2 , wherein said polyvinyl alcohols are modified by graft reactions on the alcohol groups.
8. The process as claimed in claim 7 , wherein said polyvinyl alcohols are modified by partial acetalization of the alcohol groups with C 1-12 alkyl groups.
9. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said ethylenically unsaturated free-radically polymerizable monomers in step d) are esters of vinyl alcohol and monocarboxylic acids containing 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
10. The process as claimed in claim 9 , wherein said ethylenically unsaturated free-radically polymerizable monomers in step d) are vinyl acetate, ethene, Versatic acid vinyl esters, or combinations thereof.
11. The process as claimed in claim 9 , wherein said ethylenically unsaturated free-radically polymerizable monomers in step d) are vinyl acetate.
12. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the ionic comonomer in step c) carries at least one carboxylic acid group.
13. The process as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the ionic comonomer in step c) is acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or a combination thereof.
14. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the pH of the polymerization medium is between about 1 to about 12.
15. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the molecularly or dispersed, water-soluble polymers of step a) is at least 1.5 times the molecular weight of the polymer of step b).
16. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the molecularly or dispersed, water-soluble polymer in step b) has a molecular weight of at least 10,000 g/mol.
17. The process as claimed in claim 4 wherein the polyvinyl alcohol used in step b) in a 4% strength aqueous solution has a Höppler viscosity of between about 4 to about 10 mPa*s.
18. The process as claimed in claim 4 wherein the polyvinyl alcohol used in step a) in a 4% strength aqueous solution has a Höppler viscosity of between about 8 to about 50 mPa*s.
19. The process as claimed in claim 6 wherein the water soluble or water dispersible polymers used in steps a) and b) are polyvinyl alcohols each possessing a molar degree of hydrolysis greater than or equal to 85%.
20. The process as claimed in claim 9 wherein said esters of vinyl alcohol and monocarboxylic acids containing 1 to 18 carbons is selected from the group consisting of vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl n-butyrate, vinyl laurate, vinylstearate, Versatic acid vinyl esters, aromatic or aliphatic α,β-unsaturated optionally halogen-substituted hydrocarbons, and combinations thereof.
21. The process as claimed in claim 20 wherein said aromatic or aliphatic α,β-unsaturated, optionally halogen-substituted hydrocarbons are selected from the group consisting of ethene, propene, 1-butene, 2-butene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene, α-methylstyrene and o-chlorostyrene.