Granted Patent B2

US 7,197,213 · App. 10/926,294 · Granted Mar 27, 2007

Abstract

Claims (105)

1. A method of controlling deflection of an optical beam at a beam steering element, comprising:

I) deflecting the optical beam, said deflecting comprising the steps of:

i. receiving switching instructions indicative of a target one of a plurality of potential transmit or receive elements;

ii. determining a first control signal associated with the target transmit or receive element, wherein said target transmit or receive element is associated with a target orientation relative to the beam steering element, and wherein determining the first control signal comprises:

determining the target orientation associated with the target transmit or receive element; wherein determining the target direction of arrival or departure relative to the beam steering element comprises consulting a lookup table comprising entries respectively associated with the potential transmit or receive elements;

determining the first control signal on the basis of the target orientation associated with the target transmit or receive element;

iii. applying the first control signal to the beam steering element, thereby to cause deflection of the optical beam;

II) fine tuning an alignment of the deflected optical beam, wherein the target orientation associated with the target transmit or receive element is a target direction of arrival or departure relative to the beam steering element, and wherein said fine tuning comprises the steps of:

i. applying a second control signal to the beam steering element to cause the deflected optical beam to undergo a degree of misalignment with respect to an optical receiver associated with the target transmit or receive element;

ii. determining a pointing error associated with the deflected optical beam, the pointing error being indicative of the degree of misalignment between the deflected optical beam and the optical receiver associated with the target transmit or receive element;

iii. causing a modification in the deflection of the optical beam by modifying the second control signal in accordance with the pointing error by:

modifying the target direction of arrival or departure relative to the beam steering element;

determining the second control signal on the basis of the modified target direction of arrival or departure;

iv. monitoring a net modification to the target direction of arrival or departure relative to the beam steering element resulting from repeatedly modifying the target direction of arrival or departure relative to the beam steering element;

v. updating the entry in the lookup table associated with the target transmit or receive element to reflect the net modification to the target direction of arrival or departure relative to the beam steering element.

2. The method defined in claim 1 , the beam steering element being capable of motion in a first direction in response to a first drive signal and also being capable of motion in a second direction independent of the first direction in response to a second drive signal, wherein determining the first control signal comprises determining the first and second drive signals for the beam steering element.

3. The method defined in claim 1 , the lookup table being a first lookup table, wherein determining the first control signal comprises consulting a second lookup table comprising entries respectively associated with the potential transmit or receive elements.

4. The method defined in claim 1 , the lookup table being a first lookup table, wherein determining the target orientation associated with the target transmit or receive element comprises consulting a second lookup table comprising entries respectively associated with the potential transmit or receive elements.

5. The method defined in claim 4 , wherein determining the first control signal on the basis of the target orientation associated with the target transmit or receive element comprises consulting a third lookup table comprising entries indexed on the basis of potential target orientations.

6. The method defined in claim 1 , wherein determining the first control signal on the basis of the target orientation associated with the target transmit or receive element comprises performing a computation of a pre-determined algebraic function of the target orientation.

7. The method defined in claim 1 , wherein the target transmit or receive element is the target receive element, and the target orientation associated with the target receive element is the target direction of departure relative to the beam steering element.

8. The method defined in claim 7 , further comprising modifying the second control signal in accordance with the pointing error until the pointing error falls to a pre-determined threshold.

9. The method defined in claim 1 , wherein the target transmit or receive element is the target transmit element, and the target orientation associated with the target transmit element is the target direction of arrival relative to the beam steering element.

10. The method defined in claim 9 , wherein the optical receiver associated with the target transmit element occupies a pre-determined area of detectability, and wherein applying the second control signal to the beam steering element causes the deflected optical beam to undergo a degree of misalignment with respect to the area of detectability.

11. The method defined in claim 10 , wherein the pointing error associated with the deflected optical beam is indicative of the degree of misalignment between the deflected optical beam and the area of detectability.

12. The method defined in claim 9 , further comprising modifying the second control signal in accordance with the pointing error until the pointing error falls to a pre-determined threshold.

13. Computer-readable media tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by a computer to perform the method of claim 1 .

14. A control module for controlling deflection of an optical beam at a beam steering element, comprising:

I) means for deflecting the optical beam, comprising:

i. means for receiving switching instructions indicative of a target one of a plurality of potential transmit or receive elements;

ii. means for determining a first control signal associated with the target transmit or receive element, wherein said target transmit or receive element is associated with a target orientation relative to the beam steering element, and wherein the means for determining the first control signal comprises:

means for determining the target orientation associated with the target transmit or receive element, wherein determining the target direction of arrival or departure relative to the beam steering element comprises consulting a lookup table comprising entries respectively associated with the potential transmit or receive elements;

means for determining the first control signal on the basis of the target orientation associated with the target transmit or receive element;

iii. means for applying the first control signal to the beam steering element, thereby to cause deflection of the optical beam;

II) means for fine tuning the alignment of the deflected optical beam, wherein the target orientation associated with the target transmit or receive element is a target direction of arrival or departure relative to the beam steering element, and wherein said means for fine tuning comprises:

i. means for applying a second control signal to the beam steering element to cause the deflected optical beam to undergo a degree of misalignment with respect to an optical receiver associated with the target transmit or receive element;

ii. means for determining a pointing error associated with the deflected optical beam, the pointing error being indicative of the degree of misalignment between the deflected optical beam and the optical receiver associated with the target transmit or receive element;

iii. means for causing a modification in the deflection of the optical beam by modifying the second control signal in accordance with the pointing error comprising:

means for modifying the target direction of arrival or departure relative to the beam steering element;

means for determining the second control signal on the basis of the modified target direction of arrival or departure;

iv. means for monitoring a net modification to the target direction of arrival or departure relative to the beam steering element resulting from repeatedly modifying the target direction of arrival or departure relative to the beam steering element;

v. means for updating the entry in the lookup table associated with the target transmit or receive element to reflect the net modification to the target direction of arrival or departure relative to the beam steering element.

15. A method of controlling deflection of an optical beam at a beam steering element, comprising:

I) deflecting the optical beam, said deflecting comprising the steps of:

i. receiving switching instructions indicative of a target one of a plurality of potential transmit or receive elements;

ii. determining a first control signal associated with the target transmit or receive element, said target transmit or receive element being associated with a target orientation relative to the beam steering element, and wherein determining the first control signal comprises:

determining the target orientation associated with the target transmit or receive element;

determining the first control signal on the basis of the target orientation associated with the target transmit or receive element;

iii. applying the first control signal to the beam steering element, thereby to cause deflection of the optical beam;

II) fine tuning an alignment of the deflected optical beam, wherein the target orientation associated with the target transmit or receive element is a target direction of arrival or departure relative to the beam steering element, and wherein said fine tuning comprises the steps of:

i. applying a second control signal to the beam steering element to cause the deflected optical beam to undergo a degree of misalignment with respect to an optical receiver associated with the target transmit or receive element;

ii. determining a pointing error associated with the deflected optical beam, the pointing error being indicative of the degree of misalignment between the deflected optical beam and the optical receiver associated with the target transmit or receive element;

iii. modifying the second control signal in accordance with the pointing error by a precession signal that causes the deflected optical signal to describe a trajectory;

iv. determining a change in the pointing error associated with the precession signal;

v. responsive to the change in the pointing error associated with the precession signal, changing an amplitude of the precession signal.

16. The method defined in claim 15 , wherein the target transmit or receive element is the target receive element, and the target orientation associated with the target receive element is the target direction of departure relative to the beam steering element.

17. The method defined in claim 15 , wherein the target transmit or receive element is the target transmit element, and the target orientation associated with the target transmit element is the target direction of arrival relative to the beam steering element.

18. Computer-readable media tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by a computer to perform the method of claim 15 .

19. The method defined in claim 16 , the beam steering element being capable of motion in a first direction in response to a first drive signal and also being capable of motion in a second direction independent of the first direction in response to a second drive signal, wherein determining the second control signal comprises determining the first and second drive signals for the beam steering element, and wherein modulating the second control signal by the precession signal comprises modulating the first drive signal by a first component precession signal and modulating the second drive signal by second component precession signal.

20. The method defined in claim 19 , wherein the first component precession signal and the second component precession signal are periodic with a common frequency and are in phase quadrature.

21. The method defined in claim 20 , wherein the trajectory described by the deflected optical beam is a circular orbit with a frequency corresponding to the common frequency.

22. The method defined in claim 20 , further comprising:

receiving the deflected optical beam at an optical receiver via the target receive element and converting the received optical beam into a received optical signal.

23. The method defined in claim 22 , wherein determining the pointing error comprises:

seeking to detect presence of a signal component at the common frequency in the received optical signal;

in the presence of a signal component at the common frequency, computing the pointing error from the signal component at the common frequency detected in the received optical signal.

24. The method defined in claim 23 , wherein the pointing error comprises a component in the first direction and a component in the second direction, wherein computing the pointing error comprises:

computing a magnitude and a phase of the component at the common frequency;

computing a radial distance on the basis the magnitude of the component at the common frequency;

computing an angular distance on the basis of the phase of the component at the common frequency;

computing the components of the pointing error in the first and second directions as the Cartesian representation of the radial and angular distance.

25. The method defined in claim 16 , further comprising

seeking to detect the change in the pointing error;

responsive to an increase in the pointing error, increasing the amplitude of the precession signal;

responsive to a decrease in the pointing error, decreasing the amplitude of the precession signal.

26. The method defined in claim 17 , the beam steering element being capable of motion in a first direction in response to a first drive signal and also being capable of motion in a second direction independent of the first direction in response to a second drive signal, wherein determining the second control signal comprises determining the first and second drive signals for the beam steering element, and wherein modulating the second control signal by the precession signal comprises modulating the first drive signal by a first component precession signal and modulating the second drive signal by a second component precession signal.

27. The method defined in claim 26 , wherein the first component precession signal and the second component precession signal are periodic with a common frequency and are in phase quadrature.

28. The method defined in claim 27 , wherein the trajectory described by the deflected optical beam is a circular orbit with a frequency corresponding to the common frequency.

29. The method defined in claim 27 , further comprising

receiving the deflected optical beam at the optical receiver associated with the target transmit element and converting the received optical beam into a received optical signal.

30. The method defined in claim 29 , wherein determining the pointing error comprises:

seeking to detect presence of a signal component at the common frequency in the received optical signal;

in the presence of a signal component at the common frequency, computing the pointing error from the signal component at the common frequency detected in the received optical signal.

31. The method defined in claim 30 , wherein the pointing error comprises a component in the first direction and a component in the second direction, wherein computing the pointing error comprises:

computing a magnitude and a phase of the component at the common frequency;

computing a radial distance on the basis the magnitude of the component at the common frequency;

computing an angular distance on the basis of the phase of the component at the common frequency;

computing the components of the pointing error in the first and second directions as the Cartesian representation of the radial and angular distance.

32. The method defined in claim 17 , further comprising

seeking to detect the change in the pointing error;

responsive to an increase in the pointing error, increasing the amplitude of the precession signal;

responsive to a decrease in the pointing error, decreasing the amplitude of the precession signal.

33. A control module for controlling deflection of an optical beam at a beam steering element, comprising:

I) means for deflecting the optical beam, comprising:

i. means for receiving switching instructions indicative of a target one of a plurality of potential transmit or receive elements;

ii. means for determining a first control signal associated with the target transmit or receive element, said target transmit or receive element being associated with a target orientation relative to the beam steering element, and wherein the means for determining the first control signal comprises:

means for determining the target orientation associated with the target transmit or receive element;

means for determining the first control signal on the basis of the target orientation associated with the target transmit or receive element;

iii. means for applying the first control signal to the beam steering element, thereby to cause deflection of the optical beam;

II) means for fine tuning the alignment of the deflected optical beam, wherein the target orientation associated with the target transmit or receive element is a target direction of arrival or departure relative to the beam steering element, and wherein said means for fine tuning comprises:

i. means for applying a second control signal to the beam steering element to cause the deflected optical beam to undergo a degree of misalignment with respect to an optical receiver associated with the target transmit or receive element;

ii. means for determining a pointing error associated with the deflected optical beam, the pointing error being indicative of the degree of misalignment between the deflected optical beam and the optical receiver associated with the target transmit or receive element;

iii. means for modifying the second control signal in accordance with the pointing error by a precession signal that causes the deflected optical signal to describe a trajectory;

iv. means for determining a change in the pointing error associated with the precession signal;

v. means for changing an amplitude of the precession signal responsive to the change in the pointing error associated with the precession signal.

Assignments (9)