Electrical circuit for limiting switching-on current
View Patent ↗The invention concerns an electrical circuit for limiting the switching-on current through a load during a switching-on process, comprising an electrical component which is connected in series to the load. To ensure current limitation which is independent of the load and of the value of the supply voltage, and simultaneously to avoid switching current peaks and minimize dissipated heat, the current-limiting component is in the form of an active component which has an internal resistance, and which is controlled by a timing element in such a way that the internal resistance of the component is reduced during a switching-on process.
1. An electrical circuit to limit the switching-on current through a load during a switching-on process, comprising:
a transistor with an input connected to the load, an output and a control terminal, the transistor having an internal resistance; and
a timing element, which controls the transistor to reduce the internal resistance during the switching-on process, wherein the timing element includes a capacitor and a first ohmic resistor, via which the capacitor is charged, and wherein a first terminal of the capacitor is connected to the input of the transistor, a second terminal of the capacitor is connected to a first terminal of the first ohmic resistor, the second terminal of the capacitor is connected to a first terminal of a second ohmic resistor, and a second terminal of the second ohmic resistor is connected to the control terminal of the transistor.
2. An electrical circuit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the timing element controls the transistor to reduce the internal resistance of the transistor continuously during the switching-on process.
3. An electrical circuit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a behavior of the timing element over time is independent of the load.
4. An electrical circuit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the capacitor of the timing element is charged by a switching-on voltage, which is present at the timing element at least during the switching-on process.
5. An electrical circuit as claimed in claim 4 , wherein at least part of the electrical circuit is implemented as an integrated circuit, and wherein the integrated circuit has one terminal to which the switching-on voltage is applied.
6. An electrical circuit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the transistor is a field effect transistor (FET).
7. An electrical circuit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the control terminal of the transistor is connected via a diode to a second terminal of the first ohmic resistor.
8. An electrical circuit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the control terminal of the transistor is connected via a diode to the output of the transistor.
9. An electrical circuit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at a second terminal of the first ohmic resistor, a switching-on voltage, via which the capacitor is charged, is applied at least during the switching-on process.
10. An electrical circuit as claimed in claim 1 wherein the output of the transistor is connected to ground.
11. An electrical circuit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least part of the electrical circuit is implemented as an integrated circuit.
12. An electrical circuit as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the integrated circuit has one terminal to which the load is connected.
13. An electrical circuit as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the integrated circuit is in the form of a surface-mounted device.
14. An electrical circuit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least part of the electrical circuit is implemented as an integrated circuit, and wherein the integrated circuit has two terminals to which the capacitor of the timing element is connected.
15. An electrical circuit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least part of the electrical circuit is implemented as an integrated circuit, and wherein the integrated circuit has two terminals to which the first ohmic resistor of the timing element is connected.
16. An electrical circuit as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a another ohmic resistor in parallel with the capacitor of the timing element.
17. An electrical circuit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the timing element controls the transistor to reduce the internal resistance of the transistor exponentially during the switching-on process.
18. An electrical circuit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the control terminal of the transistor is connected via a third ohmic resistor to a second terminal of the first ohmic resistor.
19. An electrical circuit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the control terminal of the transistor is connected via another ohmic resistor to the output of the transistor.