Beam-steering optical switching apparatus
The systems and methods described herein are directed to motion transformers as well as their integration and/or assembly, for use in directing optical beams and positioning of small optical elements for creating a variety of tunable optical components. More particularly, the systems and methods can be applied to a free-space optical cross-connect switching apparatus with piezoelectric actuation.
1. An optical positioning device, comprising
an actuator for generating a mechanical movement, an optical component, and
a unitary assembly formed of components separate from the actuator and having, a first connection to the actuator,
a second connection to the optical component, and
a third connection to a support housing radially outward from and substantially parallel to the second connection with respect to the optical component, the unitary assembly imparting motion to the optical component relative to the support housing, in amplified response to motion of the actuator.
2. An optical positioning device as in claim 1 , wherein the motion of the optical component causes steering of an optical beam.
3. An optical positioning device according to claim 2 , wherein the unitary assembly includes a coupling selected from the group consisting of a bending flexure, a torsional flexure, an annular flexure, a membrane, a lever arm, a rigid link, and a gimbal.
4. An optical positioning device as in claim 1 , wherein the motion of the optical component causes formation and steering of an optical beam.
5. An optical positioning device according to claim 1 , wherein the optical component includes a component selected from the group consisting of fiber, a lens, a mirror, a collimator, a prism, a filter, and a grating.
6. An optical positioning device according to claim 1 , wherein the unitary assembly comprises a compliant coupling between any combination of components selected from the group consisting of the actuator, the optical component, and support housing.
7. An optical positioning device according to claim 1 , wherein the actuator includes an actuator selected from the group consisting of a piezoelectric actuator, an electrostrictive actuator, a magnetostrictive actuator, an electrostatic actuator, a thermal actuator, an electromagnetic actuator, a shape memory alloy, and an electroactive polymer.
8. An optical positioning device according to claim 1 further comprising a stroke amplifier for amplifying the mechanical movement generated by the actuator.
9. An optical positioning device according to claim 1 , wherein the unitary assembly comprises plurality of lever arms.
10. An optical positioning device according to claim 1 , wherein the unitary assembly comprises at least one microfabricated element.
11. An optical positioning device according to claim 1 , wherein the unitary assembly is formed of a substrate.
12. An optical positioning device according to claim 1 , wherein the unitary assembly is formed from at least one layer.
13. An Optical position optical positioning device as in claim 1 , wherein the unitary assembly comprises double-membrane flexure.
14. An Optical optical positioning device as in claim 1 , wherein the first connection to an actuator comprises a flexure.
15. An Optic optical positioning device as in claim 1 , wherein the third connection to a support housing comprises a flexure.
16. An optical positioning device according to claim 1 wherein the unitary assembly is configured impart motion to the optical component in at last two axes.
17. An optical switch with an optical positioning device, the optical positioning device comprising
an actuator for generating a mechanical movement,
an optical component, and
a unitary assembly formed of components separate from the actuator and having,
a first connection to an the actuator,
a second connection to the optical component, and
a third connection to a support housing radially outward from and substantially parallel to the second connection with respect to the optical component,
the unitary assembly imparting motion to the optical component relative to the support housing, in amplified response to motion of the actuator.
18. An optical switch as in claim 17 wherein an actuator for mechanical movement comprises an array of actuator elements forming an actuator subassembly.
19. An optical switch as in claim 17 wherein a moveable optical component comprises an array of optical components forming an optical subassembly.
20. An optical switch as in claim 17 wherein a unitary assembly comprises an array of motion transformers forming a motion transformer subassembly.
21. An optical positioning device of the type that employs an actuator for moving an optical component, comprising
a unitary assembly having,
a first connection to an actuator,
a second connection to the optical component, and
a third connection to a support housing radially outward from and substantially parallel to e second connection with respect to the optical component,
the unitary assembly imparting motion no the optical component relative to the support housing, in amplified response to motion of the actuator.
22. A unitary assembly for use in an optical positioning device that employs an actuator for moving an optic component, comprising
a first connection to an actuator,
a second connection to the optical component, and
a third connection to a support housing radially outward from and substantially parallel to the second connection with respect to the optical component, the unitary assembly imparting motion to the optical component relative to the support housing, in amplified response to motion of the actuator.