IP Library › Granted Patent US 7,087,346
Granted Patent B2
US 7,087,346 · App. 10/945,304 · Granted Aug 8, 2006

Alkali/transition metal phosphates and related electrode active materials

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Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 7,087,346
App. No.
10/945,304
Granted
Aug 8, 2006
Kind
B2
Abstract

Electrode active materials comprising lithium or other alkali metals, a transition metal, and a phosphate or similar moiety, of the formula: A a+x M b P 1−x Si x O 4 wherein (a) A is selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, and mixtures thereof, and 0<a<1.0 and 0≦x≦1; (b) M comprises one or more metals, comprising at least one metal which is capable of undergoing oxidation to a higher valence state, where 0<b≦2; and wherein M, a, b, and x are selected so as to maintain electroneutrality of said compound.

Claims (35)

1. A battery, comprising:

a first electrode comprising an electrode active material represented by the formula

A a M′M″ (1−a)/3 PO 4 ,

wherein:

(i) A is selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, and mixtures thereof, where 0<a<1.0;

(ii) M′ comprises one or more +2 oxidation state metals, comprising at least one metal which is capable of undergoing oxidation to a higher valence state; and

(iii) M″ comprises one or more +3 oxidation state metals;

the battery further comprising a second electrode; and

an electrolyte for transferring ions between the first electrode and the second electrode.

2. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein A is Li.

3. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein A is a mixture of Li with Na or K.

4. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein A is selected from the group consisting of Na, K, and a mixture thereof.

5. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein M′ is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, and mixtures thereof.

6. The battery according to claim 5 , wherein M′ is Fe.

7. The battery according to claim 5 , wherein M′ is Co.

8. The battery according to claim 5 , wherein M′ further comprises a +2 oxidation state non-transition metal selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Zn, Sr, Pb, Cd, Sn, Ba, Be, and mixtures thereof.

9. The battery according to claim 5 , wherein M′ further comprises a +2 oxidation state non-transition metal selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Zn, Ba, and mixtures thereof.

10. The battery according to claim 5 , wherein M″ comprises one or more +3 oxidation state non-transition metals selected from Groups 3 and 13 of the Periodic Table.

11. The battery according to claim 10 , wherein M″ is selected from the group consisting of B, Al, Ga, In, and mixtures thereof.

12. The battery according to claim 10 , wherein M″ is Al.

13. The battery according to claim 10 , wherein A is Li.

14. The battery according to claim 5 , wherein M″ comprises a +3 oxidation state transition metal.

15. The battery according to claim 14 , wherein M″ is selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, and mixtures thereof.

16. The battery according to claim 14 , wherein A is Li.

17. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein M″ comprises one or more +3 oxidation state non-transition metals selected from Groups 3 and 13 of the Periodic Table.

18. The battery according to claim 17 , wherein M″ is selected from the group consisting of B, Al, Ga, In, and mixtures thereof.

19. The battery according to claim 17 , wherein M″ is Al.

20. The battery according to claim 17 , wherein A is Li.

21. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein M″ comprises a +3 oxidation state transition metal.

22. The battery according to claim 21 , wherein M″ is selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, and mixtures thereof.

23. The battery according to claim 21 , wherein A is Li.

24. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein the second electrode comprises an intercalation material selected from the group consisting of a metal oxide, metal chalcogenide, carbon, graphite, and mixtures thereof.

25. The battery according to claim 24 , wherein the intercalation material is graphite.

26. The battery according to claim 24 , wherein the electrolyte comprises a solvent selected from the group consisting of dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropylcarbonate (DPC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), butylene carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone, triglyme, tetraglyme, lactones, esters, dimethylsulfoxide, dioxolane, sulfolane, and mixtures thereof.

27. The battery according to claim 26 , wherein the solvent further comprises a salt selected from the group consisting of LiAsF 6 , LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiB(C 6 H 5 ) 4 , LiAlCl 4 , LiBr, and mixtures thereof.