Substrate with attached dendrimers
View Patent ↗Articles and methods of making articles are provided. The articles have a dendrimeric material attached to a substrate. The dendrimeric material, an attachment group connecting the dendrimeric material to the substrate, or both the dendrimeric material and the attachment group can be formed by a ring-opening reaction of an azlactone group with a nucleophilic group such as a hydroxyl group, primary amino group, or secondary amino group.
1. An article comprising:
a) a substrate;
b) an attachment group connecting a dendrimeric material to the substrate; and
c) a dendrimeric material comprising an extension group having a valence equal to an integer of 2 to 6, said extension group being of Formula XXV
wherein
n is an integer of at least 2;
p is an integer of 0 or 1;
T is oxy or NR b where R b is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl;
R 1 and R 2 independently are selected from an alkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or R 1 and R 2 taken together with a carbon atom to which they are attached form a carbocyclic ring; and
D is a linking group with a valence equal to n that contains at least one carbon atom.
2. The article of claim 1 , wherein p is 0 and n is 3.
3. The article of claim 1 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are both alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
4. The article of claim 1 , wherein the dendrimeric structure has nucleophilic end groups selected from hydroxyl groups, primary amino groups, secondary amino groups, or a combination thereof.
5. The article of claim 1 , wherein the dendrimeric structure has azlactone end groups.
6. The article of claim 1 , wherein the dendrimeric structure has acidic end groups.
7. The article of claim 1 , wherein the attachment group is a divalent group of Formula II
wherein
p is an integer of 0 or 1; and
R 1 and R 2 independently are selected from an alkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or R 1 and R 2 taken together with a carbon atom to which they are attached form a carbocyclic ring.
8. The article of claim 1 , wherein the attachment group comprises a first group that is attached to the substrate and a second group that is covalently attached to the dendrimer, wherein the second group is selected from thio or —NR b — where R b is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl.
9. The article of claim 8 , wherein the first group comprises the reaction product of an halosilyl, alkoxysilyl, or acyloxysilyl group with the substrate and the second group is —NR b — wherein R b is hydrogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl.
10. The article of claim 1 , wherein the attachment group is formed from a polypeptide, polyethylene imine, poly(ally imine), polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxyl substituted esters of polymethacrylates, hydroxyl substituted esters of polyacrylates, or corona-treated polyethylene.
11. The article of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a polymeric bead.
12. The article of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a film, a membrane, or a coating on a solid support.
13. The article of claim 1 , wherein the dendrimeric structure has an attached end capping compound that is a ligand for an anion exchange separation, a ligand for a hydrophobic interaction separation, or as a ligand for an affinity separation.
14. An article comprising:
a) a substrate;
b) a dendrimeric material comprising an extension group having a valence equal to an interger of 2 to 6, said extension being of Formula XXV
wherein
n is an integer of at least 2;
p is an integer of 0 or 1;
T is oxy or NR b where R b is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl;
R 1 and R 2 independently are selected from an alkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or R 1 and R 2 taken together with a carbon atom to which they are attached form a carbocyclic ring; and
D is a linking group with a valence equal to n that contains at least one carbon atom; and
c) a divalent attachment group connecting the dendrimeric material to the substrate, said attachment group being of Formula II
wherein
p is an integer of 0 or 1; and
R 1 and R 2 independently are selected from an alkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or R 1 and R 2 taken together with a carbon atom to which they are attached form a carbocyclic ring.
15. The article of claim 14 , wherein the dendrimeric material comprises polyamidoamine or polypropylenimine.