Optical body tracker
An optical system tracks the motion of objects, including the human body or portions thereof using a plurality of three-dimensional active markers based upon triangulation from data read via multiple linear CCDs through cylindrical lenses. Each marker is lit in sequence so that it is in sync with a frame capture using the imaging system positioned and oriented so as to provide a basis for computing three-dimensional location. In the preferred embodiment, the imaging system detects an infrared signal which is sent out by the tag controller as part of the tag/marker illumination sequence at the beginning of the first tag position capture time. The controller then traverses through the tags in time sync with each imaging system frame capture cycle. Thus, only one unique tag will be lit during each image capture of the cameras, thereby simplifying identification. Using linear CCD sensors, the frame time (i.e. point acquisition time) is very short, allowing very many markers to be sampled and located sequentially in real time.
1 . A system for tracking the movements of an animate or inanimate body, comprising:
a virtual reality simulator depicting a three-dimensional space;
a plurality of optical tags supported at different positions on the body of a user of the simulator;
a tag controller supported on the body to activate the optical tags in an on/off illumination sequence; and
a position sensor disposed remotely from the body, including:
a plurality of cameras, each outputting electrical signals corresponding to the location of the optical tags;
processing circuitry for receiving the signals from the cameras and determining the positions of the tags in the three-dimensional space utilizing triangulation techniques.
2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the synchronization circuitry includes an optical signal generated by one of the tags.
3 . The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the cameras are linear cameras, each defining an imaging axis, and
at least two of the axes are orthogonal.
4 . The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the optical tags are infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs); and
the cameras are sensitive to the infrared emissions of the LEDs.
5 . The system of claim 1 , further including parallel processing circuitry operative to activate all of the cameras on a simultaneous basis.
6 . The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the tags are placed on a person; and
the movements are communicated to a recognition system operative to determine one or more gestures of the person.
7 . A system for tracking the movements of an animate or inanimate body, comprising:
a virtual reality simulator depicting a three-dimensional space;
a plurality of optical tags supported at different positions on the body of a user of the simulator;
a tag controller supported on the body to activate the optical tags in an on/off illumination sequence; and
a position sensor disposed remotely from the body, including:
a plurality of cameras, each outputting electrical signals corresponding to the location of the optical tags;
parallel processing circuitry operative to activate all of the cameras on a simultaneous basis to determine the position of each tag in the three-dimensional space utilizing triangulation techniques.
8 . The system of claim 7 , further including synchronization circuitry for coordinating the operation of the tag controller and position sensor so that only one tag is imaged per simultaneous camera exposure.
9 . The system of claim 8 , wherein the synchronization circuitry includes an optical signal generated by one of the tags.
10 . The system of claim 7 , wherein:
the cameras are linear cameras, each defining an imaging axis, and
at least two of the axes are orthogonal.
11 . The system of claim 7 , wherein:
the optical tags are infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs); and
the cameras are sensitive to the infrared emissions of the LEDs.
12 . The system of claim 7 , wherein:
the tags are placed on a person; and
the movements are communicated to a recognition system operative to determine one or more gestures of the person.