Penetration of copper-ethanolamine complex in wood
Addition of base improves the homogeneity of aqueous copper amine complex preservatives injected into wood. The base includes at least a portion of alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal phosphates, alkali metal borates, and/or alkali metal pyrophosphates, the corrosivity of the composition to steel and galvanized steel is reduced, and the leach rate of the copper from the wood is also reduced.
1 . A method of preserving wood comprising the steps of:
a) providing an aqueous solution comprising at least one soluble copper amine complex and at least one base in an amount sufficient to provide at least about 1 mole-equivalents of base for each mole of soluble copper amine complex; and
a) injecting the solution comprising copper amine complex and the base into wood.
2 . The method of claim 1 wherein at least one amine in the copper amine complex comprises ammonia.
3 . The method of claim 1 wherein at least one amine in the copper amine complex comprises ethanolamine.
4 . The method of claim 1 wherein the base comprises alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal hydroxides, basic phosphate, basic pyrophosphate, basic borate, or mixtures thereof.
5 . The method of claim 1 wherein the base comprises a basic salt of a C1 to C6 mono- or poly-carboxylic acid, a basic salt of a C1 to C6 mono- or poly-sulfonic acid, or combination thereof.
6 . The method of claim 1 wherein the base comprises ammonia, an alkanolamine; a diamine, a polyamine; or mixtures or combinations thereof, and the base is present in an amount sufficient to provide at least about 1.5 mole-equivalents of base for each mole of soluble copper amine complex.
7 . The method of claim 1 wherein the base comprises an alkali metal carbonate or an alkali metal hydroxide and at least one of ammonia, an alkanolamine; or a diamine.
8 . The method of claim 1 wherein the aqueous solution comprises hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid or salt thereof.
9 . A method of preserving wood comprising the steps of:
a) contacting the wood with a composition comprising a base, such that an amount of the base remains on or in the wood; and
a) injecting an aqueous solution comprising at least one copper amine complex into the wood comprising the base.
10 . The method of claim 9 wherein the composition comprising a base is a vapor comprising ammonia gas.
11 . The method of claim 9 wherein the composition comprising a base is an aqueous composition comprising at least one base in an amount sufficient to provide at least about 0.02 mole-equivalents of base per liter of aqueous composition.
12 . The method of claim 9 wherein at least one amine in the copper amine complex comprises ammonia.
13 . The method of claim 9 wherein at least one amine in the copper amine complex comprises ethanolamine.
14 . The method of claim 11 wherein the base comprises alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal hydroxides, basic phosphate, basic pyrophosphate, basic borate, or mixtures thereof.
15 . The method of claim 9 wherein the composition comprising a base is an aqueous composition comprising at least one base in an amount sufficient to provide at least about 0.05 mole-equivalents of base per liter of aqueous composition, and wherein the base comprises ammonia, an alkanolamine; a diamine, a polyamine; or mixtures or combinations thereof.
16 . The method of claim 9 wherein the aqueous solution comprises hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid or salt thereof.
17 . A method of preserving wood comprising the steps of:
a) providing an aqueous solution comprising at least one copper amine complex and at least one base in an amount sufficient to provide at least about 0.2 mole-equivalents of base for each mole of copper; wherein the base is not an amine; and
a) injecting the solution comprising the copper amine complex and the base into wood.
18 . The method of claim 17 wherein at least one amine in the copper amine complex comprises ammonia.
19 . The method of claim 17 wherein at least one amine in the copper amine complex comprises ethanolamine.
20 . The method of claim 17 wherein the base comprises alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal hydroxides, basic phosphate, basic pyrophosphate, basic borate, or mixtures thereof.
21 . The method of claim 17 wherein the base comprises a basic salt of a C1 to C6 mono- or poly-carboxylic acid, a basic salt of a C1 to C6 mono- or poly-sulfonic acid, or combination thereof, and wherein the base is in an amount sufficient to provide at least about 0.4 mole-equivalents of base for each mole of copper.
22 . The method of claim 17 wherein the aqueous solution comprises hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid or salt thereof.
23 . A method of preserving wood comprising the steps of:
a) providing an aqueous solution comprising at least one soluble copper amine complex and at least one base in an amount sufficient to provide at least about 0.01 mole-equivalents of base per liter of aqueous solution, wherein the base is not an amine; and
b) injecting the solution comprising copper amine complex and the base into wood.
24 . The method of claim 23 wherein the amount of base is between about 0.05 and about 0.2 mole-equivalents of base per liter of aqueous solution.
25 . The method of claim 23 wherein at least one amine in the copper amine complex comprises ammonia.
26 . The method of claim 23 wherein at least one amine in the copper amine complex comprises ethanolamine.
27 . The method of claim 23 wherein the base comprises alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal hydroxides, basic phosphate, basic pyrophosphate, basic borate, or mixtures thereof.
28 . The method of claim 24 wherein the base comprises a basic salt of a C1 to C6 mono- or poly-carboxylic acid, a basic salt of a C1 to C6 mono- or poly-sulfonic acid, or combination thereof.
29 . The method of claim 23 wherein the aqueous solution comprises hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid or salt thereof.
30 . A method of preserving wood comprising the steps of:
a) providing an aqueous solution comprising at least one soluble copper amine complex and at least one base in an amount sufficient to provide at least about 0.03 mole-equivalents of base per liter of aqueous solution, wherein at least a portion of the base is not an amine; and
b) injecting the solution comprising copper amine complex and the base into wood.
31 . The method of claim 30 wherein the amount of base is between about 0.05 and about 0.3 mole-equivalents of base per liter of aqueous solution.
32 . The method of claim 30 wherein at least one amine in the copper amine complex comprises ammonia.
33 . The method of claim 30 wherein at least one amine in the copper amine complex comprises ethanolamine.
34 . The method of claim 30 wherein the base comprises alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal hydroxides, basic phosphate, basic pyrophosphate, basic borate, or mixtures thereof.
35 . The method of claim 31 wherein the base comprises a basic salt of a C1 to C6 mono- or poly-carboxylic acid, a basic salt of a C1 to C6 mono- or poly-sulfonic acid, or combination thereof.
36 . The method of claim 34 wherein the base comprises ammonia, an alkanolamine; a diamine, a polyamine; or mixtures or combinations thereof.
37 . The method of claim 30 wherein the base comprises an alkali metal carbonate or an alkali metal hydroxide and at least one of ammonia, an alkanolamine; or a diamine.
38 . The method of claim 30 wherein the aqueous solution comprises hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid or salt thereof.
39 . A method of preserving wood comprising the steps of:
a) providing an aqueous solution comprising at least one soluble copper amine complex and at least one base in an amount sufficient to provide at least about 0.05 mole-equivalents of base per liter of aqueous solution; and
b) injecting the solution comprising copper amine complex and the base into wood.
40 . The method of claim 39 wherein at least one amine in the copper amine complex comprises ammonia.
41 . The method of claim 39 wherein at least one amine in the copper amine complex comprises ethanolamine.
42 . The method of claim 39 wherein the base comprises alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal hydroxides, basic phosphate, basic pyrophosphate, basic borate, or mixtures thereof.
43 . The method of claim 39 wherein the base comprises a basic salt of a C1 to C6 mono- or poly-carboxylic acid, a basic salt of a C1 to C6 mono- or poly-sulfonic acid, or combination thereof.
44 . The method of claim 39 wherein the base comprises ammonia, an alkanolamine; a diamine, a polyamine; or mixtures or combinations thereof, and wherein the base is present in an amount to provide greater than 0.7 mole equivalents of base per liter of aqueous solution.
45 . The method of claim 39 wherein the base comprises alkali metal carbonates or alkali metal hydroxides and at least one of ammonia, an alkanolamine; or a diamine.