Vibrationally compressed glass fiber and/or other material fiber mats and methods for making the same
Methods for enhancing one or more physical properties of wet-laid or dry-laid fiber mats, such as a glass fiber, cellulosic or polymeric fiber mats are disclosed and fiber mats made according to such processes. Certain embodiments of the methods involve vibrational compression of a wet-laid or dry-laid fiber mat. In some embodiments the methods produce a fiber mat having increased apparent density and/or tensile strength as compared to a mat that has not been vibrationally compressed. Exemplar fiber mats suitable for use in the disclosed methods include, for example, glass, polyolefin, ethylene terephthalate, or cellulose fibers, or mixtures thereof. Glass, cellulosic or polymeric fiber mats that are structurally improved by the disclosed methods are also disclosed.
1. A fiber mat comprising:
a plurality of glass fibers having an average diameter of from 0.2 μm to 30 μm, and being randomly entangled with one another such that the glass fibers physically contact one another at points of intersection and forming a dry-laid fiber web;
the dry-laid fiber web being substantially binder free and wherein the glass fibers are not fused at the points of intersection;
the fiber mat having a density of at least 60 kg/m 3 , the density being measured when the fiber mat is dry; and
wherein the fiber mat has not been hydro-entangled or needle-punched.
2. The fiber mat of claim 1 wherein the fiber mat has a density of at least 100 kg/m 3 .
3. The fiber mat of claim 1 wherein the fiber mat has a density of at least 120 kg/m 3 .
4. The fiber mat of claim 1 wherein the fiber mat has a density of at least 175 kg/m 3 .
5. The fiber mat of claim 4 wherein the fiber mat is flexible such that the fiber mat does not crack when flexed 180° when having a thickness of 6 mm.
6. The fiber mat of claim 1 wherein the fiber mat has a density of at least 200 kg/m 3 .
7. The fiber mat of claim 1 further comprising glass fibers mixed with polyolefin, polyethylene terephthalate, carbon, acrylic, polyphenylene sulfide, or cellulose fibers and mixtures thereof.
8. The fiber mat of claim 1 further comprising glass fibers mixed with natural or synthetic organic fibers and mixtures thereof.
9. The fiber mat of claim 1 wherein the glass fibers have an average diameter of from 0.2 μm to 10 μm.
10. The fiber mat of claim 1 wherein the fiber mat has a tensile strength of at least 0.45 Kg.
11. The fiber mat of claim 1 wherein the fiber mat has a tensile strength of at least 1.1 Kg.
12. The fiber mat of claim 1 wherein the fiber mat has been vibrationally compressed.
13. The fiber mat of claim 1 wherein the fiber mat has been orbitally vibrationally compressed.
14. A fiber mat comprising:
a plurality of glass fibers having an average diameter of from 0.2 μM to 30 μm, and being randomly entangled with one another such that the glass fibers physically contact one another at points of intersection, without bonding at such points, and forming a dry-laid fiber web;
the dry-laid fiber web being substantially binder free and having a tensile strength of at least 1.1 kg for mats of a thickness of 6 mm;
the fiber mat having a density of at least 60 kg/m 3 , the density being a ratio of the mass of the glass fibers to the volume of the fiber web; and
wherein the fiber mat has not been hydro-entangled or needle-punched.
15. A dry-laid mat of fibers comprising:
a plurality of fibers having diameters of from 0.2 μm to 30 μm;
the fibers being randomly entangled with one another such that the glass fibers physically contact one another at points of intersection and forming a fiber web, the fiber web having a first thickness;
the fiber web being substantially binder-free, the fiber web forming the dry-laid fiber mat; and
the dry-laid fiber mat having a density of at least 60 kg/m 3 without having been subjected to hydro-entanglement or needle-punching processes and having a thickness percentage recovery of at least 90% of its first thickness after being pressed under 51.7 KPa of pressure to 35% of the first thickness.
16. The dry-laid mat of fibers of claim 15 , wherein the fibers comprise glass fibers.
17. The fiber mat of claim 15 wherein the fibers of the dry-laid fiber mat are not bonded to one another at the points of intersection of the fibers.
18. The fiber mat of claim 15 , wherein the fiber mat has a density of at least 200 kg/m 3 .
19. A non-hydroentangled, non-needle-punched fiber mat comprising:
a plurality of glass fibers having an average diameter of from 0.2 μm to 30 μm and being randomly entangled with one another such that the glass fibers physically contact one another at points of intersection and forming a dry-laid fiber web;
the dry-laid fiber web being substantially binder-free and wherein the fiber web is flexible such that the fiber web when having a thickness of 6 mm does not incur substantial breakage when flexed 180°;
the fiber web having a density of at least 100 kg/m 3 ; and
wherein the fiber web has been vibrationally compressed.
20. The fiber mat of claim 19 wherein the fiber web has a density of at least 200 kg/m 3 .