Circuit and method of operation for an adaptive charge rate power supply
View Patent ↗A convenient source of charging power for portable communication devices is an integral power node of a computer data bus, such as a USB (universal serial bus) port. Unfortunately, USB ports have limited power capacity, making them generally incompatible with battery charge controllers (BCCs) which are designed to receive a steady, high capacity input. The invention provides a battery charging circuit which adjusts to the parameters of an external power supply such as a USB port by adding a regulating circuit to a standard BCC design. This regulating circuit maximizes the current drawn by the BCC, while keeping the voltage to the BCC above a preset minimum (the low voltage shut off level for the BCC). If the voltage to the BCC begins to drop, the regulating circuit reduces the current drawn, so the voltage rises and stays within the operating range of the BCC.
1. A portable communication device, comprising:
a rechargeable battery; and
a battery charging circuit coupled to the rechargeable battery and configured to receive power from an external power source and use the power from the external power source to charge the rechargeable battery, the battery charging circuit including:
a battery charge controller configured to receive an input voltage form the external power source and use the input voltage to charge the rechargeable battery, the battery charge controller requiring that the input voltage remain above a low voltage threshold when charging the rechargeable battery, the battery charge controller having a current control input; and
a regulating circuit configured to regulate the input voltage to maintain the input voltage above the low voltage threshold, said regulating circuit being operable to respond to deviations in the input voltage by adjusting a current drawn by the battery charge controller to maintain the input voltage above the low voltage threshold.
2. The portable communication device of claim 1 , wherein the regulating circuit is operable to maximize a current drawn by the battery charging circuit from the external power source.
3. The portable communication device of claim 1 , wherein the regulating circuit includes:
a comparator circuit configured to receive a voltage signal from the input voltage and a reference voltage signal, and to control the current drawn by the battery charging circuit based on a difference between the voltage signal and the reference voltage signal.
4. The portable communication device of claim 1 , wherein the regulating circuit includes:
an electronic potentiometer configured to vary a resistance in response to a control signal from a microprocessor in the portable communication device, wherein the resistance is varied to increase or decrease the current drawn by the battery charging circuit.
5. The portable communication device of claim 4 , wherein the electronic potentiometer incrementally decreases the resistance in response to control pulses from the microprocessor, thereby incrementally increasing the current drawn by the battery charging circuit.
6. The portable communication device of claim 4 , wherein the electronic potentiometer is configured to cyclically ramp the resistance through a range of resistances, thereby cycling the current drawn by the battery charging circuit through a range of about 0 Amps to a current level that results in an input voltage at the low voltage threshold.
7. The portable communication device of claim 3 , wherein the reference voltage signal is provided by the battery charge controller.
8. The portable communication device of claim 3 , wherein the comparator circuit includes a voltage divider circuit for generating the voltage signal from the input voltage.
9. The portable communication device of claim 3 , wherein the regulating circuit includes a capacitor coupled between the comparator circuit and a ground potential and operable to smooth variances in an output of the comparator circuit.
10. The portable communication device of claim 1 , wherein the external power source includes a computer bus having a power node.
11. The portable communication device of claim 10 , wherein the computer data bus is a universal serial bus (USB).
12. The portable communication device of claim 3 , wherein the comparator circuit has a hysteresis, wherein the battery charge controller will not charge the rechargeable battery until the input voltage is a set amount above the low voltage threshold.
13. The portable communication device of claim 3 , wherein the comparator circuit is configured to decrease the current drawn by the battery charging circuit when the input voltage drops below a preset reference level.
14. The portable communication device of claim 3 , wherein:
the battery charge controller includes a low voltage shut-off circuit, the low voltage shut-off circuit being configured to cause the battery charge controller to stop charging the rechargeable battery if the input voltage falls below the low voltage threshold; and
the regulating circuit being configured to lower a current output of the battery charge controller if the input voltage falls below a preset limit, the preset limit being above the low voltage threshold.
15. A portable communication device, comprising:
a rechargeable battery:
means for connecting the portable communication device to an external power source;
means for charging the rechargeable battery using an input voltage from the external power source; and
means for maintaining the input voltage above a low voltage shut-off level below which the portable communication device stops charging the rechargeable battery by adjusting a current drawn by the means for charging in response to deviations in the input voltage.