Indicator device having an active agent encapsulated in an electrospun nanofiber

1. An indicator device for use in determining the efficacy of an antimicrobial treatment process that includes a first process, comprising:

an active agent responsive to exposure to a chemical of the antimicrobial treatment process;

a carrier substrate;

a first encapsulation component comprised of electrospun nanofibers including a first polymer, wherein the active agent is encapsulated by the first encapsulation component, the electrospun nanofibers of the first encapsulation component are deposited onto the carrier substrate in an electrospinning process; and

a second encapsulation component comprised of electrospun nanofibers including a second polymer, wherein the electrospun nanofibers of the second encapsulation component are deposited onto the first encapsulation component in an electrospinning process, thereby covering the first encapsulation component, said second encapsulation component removable during the first process of the antimicrobial treatment process to expose the first encapsulation component to the chemical of the antimicrobial treatment process.

2. An indicator device according to claim 1 , wherein said active agent is embedded on the outside of the electrospun nanofibers of the first encapsulation component.

3. An indicator device according to claim 1 , wherein said active agent is embedded within the electrospun nanofibers of the first encapsulation component.

4. An indicator device according to claim 1 , wherein said first polymer is an insoluble polymer.

5. An indicator device according to claim 4 , wherein said active agent is a dye mix.

6. An indicator device according to claim 4 , wherein said first process is a cleaning process.

7. An indicator device according to claim 1 , wherein said active agent is a biological agent, a chemical agent, a physical agent, or combinations thereof

8. An indicator device according to claim 7 , wherein said chemical agent is an inorganic dye with photo-, thermo- and/or electrochemical-chromic properties, an organic dye with photo-, thermo- and/or electrochemical-chromic properties, colorimetric, fluorescence, phosphorescence, or chemiluminescence properties, biological dyes, redox dyes, crown ethers to detect metal ions, or combinations thereof.

9. An indicator device according to claim 8 , wherein said colorimetric property is food colors carotenoids, oxonols, azo-compounds, aza-compounds, nitro-compounds, nitroso-compounds, carbonyl, quinone-compounds or anthraquinone-compounds.

10. An indicator device according to claim 7 , wherein said chemical agent is an iron oxide, a manganese oxide, copper sulfate, tetrazolium, sulfur, or lead salt.

11. An indicator device according to claim 7 , wherein said active agent provides a colorimetric change in response to exposure to said chemical of the antimicrobial treatment process.

12. An indicator device according to claim 11 , wherein said active agent is a water-soluble dye or a fluorescent marker.

13. An indicator device according to claim 12 , wherein said water-soluble dye is a pH indicator dye.

14. An indicator device according to claim 13 , wherein said pH indicator dye is phenol red, methylene blue or Azo compounds.

15. An indicator device according to claim 7 , wherein said physical agent is selected from the group consisting of: polymers, non-polymers, supports systems, markers that provide detection of treatment process parameters, microelectrode materials, electrochemical sensor materials, nanocarbon tube, RFID tags, and combinations thereof.

16. An indicator device according to claim 1 , wherein said biological agent is selected from the group consisting of a spore forming bacteria, a fungal spore, mycobacteria, and prions.

17. An indicator device according to claim 1 , wherein adhesion strength of the first encapsulation component is different from adhesion strength of the second encapsulation component.

18. An indicator device according to claim 1 , wherein said encapsulation component includes at least one of the following: (a) a polymeric gel that is insoluble in water, (b) a polymer resin, (c) a cellulose-based polymer, (d) a biologically derived polymer, (e) peptides, (f) shellac, (g) a polymer with active binding sites for at least one of halogens, quaternary amines, acrylates, olefins, or combinations thereof

19. An indicator device according to claim 18 , wherein said encapsulation component encapsulates at least one of the following: a miniature metal, a solid state material, or MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems).

20. An indicator device according to claim 18 , wherein said polymeric gel is co-polymers of polyvinylpyrolidone, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, cross-linked polyacrylates, or polyethyleneimine.

21. An indicator device according to claim 18 , wherein said cellulose-based polymer is ethylcellulose.

22. An indicator device according to claim 18 , wherein said biologically derived polymer is collagen, polyhydroxy-aldehydes or ketones.

23. An indicator device according to claim 1 , wherein said encapsulation component includes at least one of the following: polycaprolactone; pluronic acid; a polyether-based thermoplastic polyurethane; a polymeric gel that is insoluble in water; a polymer resin, and a cellulose-based polymer, albumin, and N-halamine polymers.

24. An indicator device according to claim 1 , wherein said encapsulation component includes a solvent.

25. An indicator device according to claim 24 , wherein said solvent is tetrahydraftran (THF), ethanol (EtOH), acetone, isopropanol, water, an ionic liquid, dimethylsulfoxide, or combinations thereof.

26. An indicator device according to claim 1 , wherein said carrier substrate is a rigid porous or nonporous material.

27. An indicator device according to claim 26 , wherein said carrier substrate is stainless steel, woven fibers, non-woven fibers, glass, or plastics.